Figure 7.

Graphical summary of studies testing the association of TNF-α or IL-6 in association with depression or anxiety in PD.

Notes: Studies measuring either TNF-α or IL-6 in association with depression or anxiety in PD. Size of the point and number represent the study size, and color whether the study demonstrated broadly positive (blue) or negative (red) results. Studies in the figure are Fu et al, 2023,¹⁵⁸ Karpenko et al, 2018,¹⁵³ Kim et al, 2022,¹⁶⁶ Lindqvist et al, 2012,¹⁶¹ Menza et al, 2010,¹⁶³ Rastegar et al, 2019,¹⁴⁹ Selikhova et al, 2002,¹⁶² Veselý et al, 2018,⁸⁷ Wan et al, 2023,¹⁶⁴ and Wang et al, 2016¹⁶⁵ (see main text and Supplementary Table 3 for full details of individual studies).