Table 2.

Distributions of first-trimester maternal erythrocyte concentrations of metals (ng/g) and plasma concentrations of vitamin B₁₂ (pg/mL) and folate (ng/mL) among Project Viva participants (n = 1386).

Exposure	GM ± GSD	Min	25th percentile	Median	75th percentile	Max	Limit of detection	% detected
Arsenic	0.77 ± 2.81	0.10	0.41	0.83	1.55	34.1	0.15	90
Barium	3.59 ± 2.23	0.29	2.00	3.17	5.91	59.2	0.41	99
Cadmium	0.38 ± 2.13	0.04	0.27	0.39	0.57	6.94	0.06	96
Cesium	2.51 ± 1.43	0.46	2.01	2.53	3.18	10.0	0.06	100
Copper	565 ± 1.19	86.3	516	564	618	3970	1.85	100
Mercurya	3.06 ± 2.90	0.21	1.62	3.26	6.49	132	0.30	96
Magnesium	41,100 ± 1.21	7070	37,000	41,100	46,000	77,500	4.15	100
Manganese	16.1 ± 1.55	0.30	13.1	16.2	20.3	44.3	0.42	100
Lead	18.0 ± 1.53	4.11	13.5	17.7	23.7	90.8	0.07	100
Selenium	250 ± 1.23	39.0	219	248	282	1090	1.73	100
Zinc	10,300 ± 1.20	2310	9260	10,400	11,600	26,000	8.74	100
Vitamin B12b	482 ± 1.46	106	381	484	597	4000	30	100
Folateb	20.80 ± 1.79	7.08	13.8	18.6	27.0	360	2.0	100

Metal concentrations below the limit of detection were assigned to the LOD/√2.

Note: GM, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation; min, minimum; max, maximum.

^an = 1369.

^bn = 924.