. 2024 Apr 9;2024:3905500. doi: 10.1155/2024/3905500

Table 4.

Urine analysis and fluid consumption (main fluids) at the beginning of the study (t₀), at the interim examination (t₃), and at the end of the intervention (t₂₈) as well as absolute changes (∆).

Parameter	Group	Time			p value (time × group)^∗	p value (time)^∗	Change
Parameter	Group	t ₀	t ₃	t ₂₈	p value (time × group)^∗	p value (time)^∗	∆ 3-0	∆ 28-0
Fluid consumption (mL)	HBS	2300 (1065)^c	—	2704 (1100)^c	0.255	<0.001	—	520 (810)
Fluid consumption (mL)	LBS	2260 (920)^c	—	2605 (822)^c	0.255	0.010	—	175 (1175)

Urine volume (mL)	HBS	2341 (1221)^a,c	2742 (879)^a	2687 (1081)^c	0.176	<0.001	395 (815)	365 (962)
Urine volume (mL)	LBS	2193 (1098)^a,c	2685 (951)^a	2704 (1021)^c	0.176	<0.001	402 (943)	363 (1214)

pH (24-hour urine)	HBS	6.17 (0.66)^a,c	7.28 (0.22)^a	7.23 (0.32)^c	<0.001 ^†	<0.001 ^†	1.15 (0.77)	1.15 (0.65)
pH (24-hour urine)	LBS	5.98 (0.88)	6.00 (0.66)	5.92 (0.68)	<0.001 ^†	0.710	0.07 (0.96)	−0.02 (0.53)

pH (spontaneous urine)	HBS	5.66 (0.58)^a,c	7.07 (0.53)^a	6.90 (0.71)^c	<0.001	<0.001	1.36 (0.88)	0.97 (0.78)
pH (spontaneous urine)	LBS	5.68 (0.99)	5.65 (0.86)	5.53 (0.91)	<0.001	0.922	−0.05 (0.74)	−0.04 (0.92)

TA (mmol/L)	HBS	7.78 (13.85)^a,c	0.00 (0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00)^c	<0.001 ^†	<0.001 ^†	−7.78 (13.85)	−7.78 (13.10)
TA (mmol/L)	LBS	9.20 (11.75)^a	6.95 (5.35)^a	8.33 (6.75)	<0.001 ^†	0.152	−2.43 (10.35)	−0.68 (10.70)

HCO₃⁻ (mmol/L)	HBS	8.25 (4.00)^a,c	24.73 (9.00)^a	24.50 (12.53)^c	<0.001 ^†	<0.001	16.48 (10.33)	13.68 (16.90)
HCO₃⁻ (mmol/L)	LBS	6.83 (6.15)^a	6.18 (2.65)^a	6.18 (2.25)	<0.001 ^†	0.004	−1.43 (2.50)	−0.74 (3.37)

NH₄⁺ (mmol/L)	HBS	22.15 (12.85)^a,c	10.70 (5.00)^a	11.50 (5.60)^c	<0.001	<0.001	−9.68 (12.95)	−9.81 (12.73)
NH₄⁺ (mmol/L)	LBS	20.45 (11.48)^a,c	17.25 (6.70)^a	17.05 (8.57)^c	<0.001	<0.001	−3.94 (8.55)	−2.68 (11.80)

NAE (mEq/d)	HBS	22.44 (23.80)^a,c	−15.40 (11.40)^a	−14.25 (15.00)^c	<0.001 ^†	<0.001 ^†	−37.29 (23.25)	−36.72 (20.57)
NAE (mEq/d)	LBS	22.28 (19.00)^a	17.80 (9.65)^a	18.53 (13.20)	<0.001 ^†	0.011 ^†	−5.68 (17.00)	−3.81 (18.15)

Data are shown as median (IQR). HBS = high bicarbonate and sodium, LBS = low bicarbonate and sodium. TA = titratable acids, HCO₃⁻ = bicarbonate in urine, NH₄⁺ = ammonium, NAE = net acid excretion. ^∗Time × group interactions were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. ^∗∗Differences over the intervention time within each group were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. ^†Greenhouse–Geisser or Huynh–Feldt adjustment was used to correct for violations of sphericity. ^a = sign. Differences between t₀ and t₃ (short term), ^b = sign. Differences between t₃ and t₂₈ (follow-up), ^c = sign. Differences between t₀ and t₂₈ (long-term). The bold values are significant at p <0.05.