Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic characteristics and CGM metrics of the total sample (N = 110) and for the insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant groups separately.
| All (N = 110) | Insulin-sensitive (n = 57) | Insulin-resistant (n = 53) | P valuea,b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n | ||||
| Female | 65 (59.1) | 32 (56.1) | 33 (62.3) | 0.563 |
| Male | 45 (40.9) | 25 (43.9) | 20 (37.7) | |
| Age, years | 48.7 ± 14.3 | 45.4 ± 15.2 | 52.3 ± 12.4 | 0.009 |
| Education, years | 15.6 ± 2.9 | 16.3 ± 2.4 | 14.8 ± 3.2 | 0.019 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.5 ± 6.1 | 24.7 ± 2.7 | 32.7 ± 6.1 | 0.000 |
| BMI ≤ 24.9 | 39 (35.5) | 34 (59.6) | 5 (9.4) | 0.000 |
| BMI 25 to 29.9 | 36 (32.7) | 20 (35.1) | 16 (30.2) | |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 35 (31.8) | 3 (5.3) | 32 (60.4) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 97.1 ± 15.9 | 87.7 ± 11.2 | 107.3 ± 13.9 | 0.000 |
| CRP, mg/dl | 0.1 [0.05–0.24] | 0.05 [0.04–0.11] | 0.19 [0.09–0.43] | 0.000 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 37 ± 4.4 | 34 ± 3.3 | 39 ± 5.5 | 0.000 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 2.4 | 0.000 |
| Untreated type 2 diabetes, n | 4 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 4 (7.5) | 0.051 |
| CGM metrics | ||||
| MAGE | 39.8 ± 13.1 | 35.9 ± 8.6 | 44.0 ± 15.7 | 0.004 |
| Mean SG, mg/dl | 95.3 ± 11.5 | 91.6 ± 7.3 | 99.2 ± 13.8 | 0.001 |
| Glucose variability (CV), % | 16.5 ± 3.8 | 15.8 ± 3.2 | 17.2 ± 4.3 | 0.038 |
| SD, mg/dl | 15.7 ± 4.5 | 14.4 ± 2.7 | 17.2 ± 5.5 | 0.004 |
BMI body mass index, CGM continuous glucose monitoring, CRP C-reactive protein, CV coefficient of variation (glucose variability), EMA ecological ambulatory assessment, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, MAGE mean amplitude of glucose excursions, SD standard deviation, SG sensor glucose.
Data are means ± SD, median [Interquartile range], or n (%).
aFisher exact test for categorical variables.
bMann-Whitney U test for continuous variables.