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. 2024 Sep 11;36(1):192. doi: 10.1007/s40520-024-02846-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Mediation models of PA, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and dNCR after adjusting for age, ASA, CCI, and CES-D 10

The graphs in a and b represent the mediating roles of postoperative IL-6 and the absolute change in IL-6, respectively, with PASE as a continuous variable. In contrast, graphs c and d represent the mediation models for patients with active labor compared to those with a sedentary lifestyle, when PASE is considered as a binary variable. Direct effect refers to the relationship between PA (exposure) and dNCR (outcome). The mediation effect refers to the relationship between PA (exposure) and IL-6 (mediator), as well as the relationship from IL-6 (mediator) to dNCR (outcome). Proportion mediated (%) = Mediation effect / (Direct effect + Mediation effect)