Table 2.

Logistic regression model showing associations between PA and dNCR

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Crude OR (95% CI)	P	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P
Age	1.215 (1.106, 1.336)	< 0.001	1.216 (1.054, 1.403)	0.007	1.226 (1.068, 1.407)	0.004
CCI	2.325 (1.553, 3.483)	< 0.001	2.407 (1.384, 4.186)	0.002	2.292 (1.322, 3.973)	0.003
CES-D 10	2.171 (1.550, 3.041)	< 0.001	2.632 (1.625, 4.264)	< 0.001	2.354 (1.530, 3.623)	< 0.001
ASA	5.359 (1.585, 18.119)	0.007	4.952 (0.870, 28.189)	0.071	4.395 (0.883, 21.881)	0.071
MMSE	0.853 (0.724, 1.006)	0.059	-	-	-	-
ADL	0.985 (0.949, 1.022)	0.410	-	-	-	-
PASE Score	0.986 (0.980, 0.993)	< 0.001	0.986 (0.976, 0.995)	0.002	-	-
Physical activity vs. Sedentary behavior	0.137 (0.055, 0.340)	< 0.001	-	-	0.199 (0.061, 0.649)	0.007

Abbreviations PA: physical activity; dNCR, delayed neurocognitive recovery; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; CES-D 10: the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; ADL: Activities of Daily Living; PASE: physical activity scale for the elderly; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio

Model 1: Univariate logistic regression analysis. Boldface values indicate P < 0.05

Model 2: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with the PASE score as a continuous variable, adjusting for age, CCI, CES-D 10, and ASA

Model 3: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed after categorizing the PASE scores into two clusters, ‘Physical Activity’ and ‘Sedentary Behavior’, adjusting for age, CCI, CES-D 10, and ASA