Table 6.

Recommendations for the management of future pandemics

Major theme	Category	Subcategory	Measure
A. Interdisciplinary strategies for pandemic preparedness	1. Strengthening surveillance and early warning systems	Advanced technology	Utilize AI and big data analytics to improve disease detection and prediction.
			Promote international data sharing and collaboration for robust early warning mechanisms.
	2. Promoting interdisciplinary collaboration	Collaborative efforts	Encourage collaboration among virologists, public health experts, technologists, economists, and social scientists.
			Establish interdisciplinary task forces to oversee pandemic preparedness and response efforts, ensuring a coordinated approach.
B. Improving global health infrastructure	1. Equitable access and healthcare logistics	Infrastructure improvements	Improve global health infrastructure, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
			Invest in healthcare logistics for efficient distribution of medical supplies and vaccines.
	2. “One Health” approach	Integrated health strategies	Implement a “One Health” approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health to address zoonotic spillovers.
C. Rapid vaccine development and distribution	1. Funding and global agreements	Vaccine development	Fund rapid vaccine development platforms.
			Create global agreements to ensure fair vaccine distribution, especially to vulnerable populations.
D. Building community resilience	1. Education and resources	Local empowerment	Build community resilience through education and resources to empower local responses.
			Foster global cooperation and governance to streamline international pandemic response efforts.
E. Technological advancements in pandemic response	1. Role of AI and big data analytics	Data processing and decision-making	Use AI to analyze vast amounts of data from social media, health records, and environmental sensors to identify early warning signals of potential outbreaks.
			Utilize big data analytics to predict disease spread and allocate resources by creating predictive models from multiple data sources.
	2. Improving diagnostic capabilities	AI-driven tools	Deploy machine learning algorithms to analyze medical images and test results with high accuracy, providing faster diagnoses compared to traditional methods. Rapid diagnostic capabilities are crucial for the timely identification of cases to prevent further spread.
	3. Telemedicine and digital health tools	Healthcare delivery	Provide remote consultations through telemedicine platforms, reducing the risk of virus transmission.
			Use AI-powered digital contact tracing applications to identify and notify individuals exposed to infectious diseases, enabling timely quarantine and isolation measures.
F. Ensuring data privacy and security	1. Protecting health information	Privacy frameworks	Establish robust frameworks to protect sensitive health information and ensure compliance with privacy regulations.
			Invest in training and resources to integrate AI and big data analytics into existing public health infrastructures, building the necessary technical expertise.

AI, artificial intelligence.