Table 1.
Gender-wise characteristics of MCI subjects
| Feature | Female | Male | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y, mean ± SD) | 69.99 ± 7.78 | 71.96 ± 6.79 | * |
| Education (years, mean ± SD) | 15.79 ± 2.65 | 16.49 ± 2.66 | * |
| Family History (%) | 96 (65.75) | 12 (64.80) | NS |
| APOE ε4 (% of >=1 allele) | 67 (45.89) | 87 (48.6) | NS |
|
| |||
| MRI volumetric features (volumes in mm3, mean ± SD) | |||
| Ventricles | 0.021 ± 0.012 | 0.026 ± 0.012 | ** |
| Hippocampus | 0.004 ± 8e-04 | 0.004 ± 8e-04 | ** |
| Middle temporal gyrus | 0.014 ± 0.001 | 0.013 ± 0.001 | * |
| Entorhinal | 0.002 ± 5e-04 | 0.002 ± 4e-04 | NS |
| Fusiform | 0.012 ± 0.001 | 0.012 ± 0.001 | NS |
|
| |||
| Cognitive tests (scores, mean ± SD) | |||
| ADAS11 | 8.51 ± 4.18 | 9.55 ± 4.21 | * |
| ADAS13 | 13.59 ± 6.57 | 15.34 ± 6.19 | * |
| CDRSB | 1.40 ± 0.89 | 1.54 ± 0.88 | ** |
| FAQ | 1.94 ± 3.17 | 3.38 ± 4.10 | ** |
| MMSE | 28.29 ± 1.74 | 27.97 ± 1.60 | NS |
| RAVLT immediate | 41.09 ± 11.54 | 33.84 ± 9.06 | ** |
| RAVLT learning | 5.19 ± 2.52 | 4.31 ± 2.46 | ** |
| RAVLT forgetting | 4.51 ± 2.81 | 4.73 ± 2.29 | NS |
| RAVLT % forgetting | 49.90 ± 33.26 | 59.05 ± 29.40 | * |
|
| |||
| Plasma biomarkers (pg/mL, mean ± SD) | |||
| Nfl | 38.59 ± 20.45 | 36.00 ± 16.10 | NS |
| P-tau181 | 16.85 ± 10.41 | 18.94 ± 13.50 | NS |
|
| |||
| Lifestyle factors (%) | |||
| Alcoholic | 5 (3.42) | 8 (4.46) | NS |
| Smoking | 55 (37.67) | 66 (36.87) | NS |
|
| |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 60 (41.09) | 89 (49.72) | NS |
| Diabetes | 12 (8.21) | 24 (13.40) | NS |
| Cholesterol | 66 (45.20) | 100 (55.86) | NS |
| Depression | 42 (28.76) | 51 (28.49) | NS |
| Obesity | 39 (26.71) | 40 (22.34) | NS |
| Cardiovascular | 88 (60.27) | 130 (72.62) | * |
| Hearing Problems | 9 (6.16) | 48 (26.81) | ** |
| TBI | 3 (2.05) | 12 (6.70) | NS |
MCI, mild cognitive impairment; APOE, Apolipoprotein; ADAS, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, CDRSB, Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes; FAQ, Functional Assessment Questionnaire; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; RAVLT, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Nfl, neurofilament light; P-tau181, tau phosphorylated at threonine-181; TBI, traumatic brain injury; NS, not significant. MRI volumes presented as a fraction of intracranial volume.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01, NS p > 0.05.