Table 2.
Distribution of features in female-PP and male-PP subtypes
| Feature | Female-PP N = 28 | Male-PP N = 57 | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y, mean ± SD) | 71.65 ± 7.92 | 74.36 ± 6.55 | NS |
| Education (y, mean ± SD) | 15.05 ± 2.92 | 16.38 ± 2.94 | * |
| Family History, n (%) | 18 (64.28) | 34 (59.64) | NS |
| APOE ε4 (% of >=1 allele) | 20 (71.43) | 28 (49.12) | * |
|
| |||
| The MRI volumetric features (volumes in mm3, mean ± SD) | |||
| Ventricles | 0.026 ± 0.014 | 0.031 ± 0.013 | NS |
| Hippocampus | 0.004 ± 6e-04 | 0.004 ± 7e-04 | NS |
| Middle temporal gyrus | 0.012 ± 0.001 | 0.012 ± 0.001 | NS |
| Entorhinal | 0.002 ± 5e-04 | 0.002 ± 5e-04 | * |
| Fusiform | 0.011 ± 0.001 | 0.011 ± 0.001 | NS |
|
| |||
| Cognitive tests (scores, mean ± SD) | |||
| ADAS11 | 15.42 ± 3.59 | 12.61 ± 4.60 | * |
| ADAS13 | 23.10 ± 4.96 | 20.07 ± 6.21 | * |
| CDRSB | 2.30 ± 1.07 | 2.25 ± 0.92 | NS |
| FAQ | 5.85 ± 4.77 | 8.03 ± 4.01 | * |
| MMSE | 26.85 ± 1.97 | 27.29 ± 1.68 | NS |
| RAVLT immediate | 27.25 ± 4.50 | 28.45 ± 6.98 | NS |
| RAVLT learning | 2.5 ± 1.64 | 2.94 ± 2.02 | NS |
| RAVLT forgetting | 5.21 ± 1.64 | 5.12 ± 2.24 | NS |
| RAVLT % forgetting | 81.51 ± 21.63 | 76.02 ± 28.50 | NS |
|
| |||
| Plasma biomarkers (pg/mL, mean ± SD) | |||
| Nfl | 53.78 ± 29.40 | 40.28 ± 17.25 | * |
| P-tau181 | 22.79 ± 10.71 | 22.30 ± 18.08 | NS |
|
| |||
| Lifestyle factors, n (%) | |||
| Alcoholic | 3 (10.71) | 5 (8.77) | NS |
| Smoking | 7 (25) | 20 (35.08) | NS |
|
| |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 13 (46.42) | 33 (57.89) | NS |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 9 (15.78) | * |
| Cholesterol | 14 (50) | 30 (52.63) | NS |
| Depression | 5 (17.85) | 20 (35.08) | NS |
| Obesity | 5 (17.85) | 17 (29.82) | NS |
| Cardiovascular | 14 (50) | 44 (77.19) | * |
| Hearing Problems | 3 (10.71) | 17 (29.82) | * |
| TBI | 1 (3.57) | 4 (7.01) | NS |
PP, poor prognosis; APOE, Apolipoprotein; ADAS, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, CDRSB, Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes; FAQ, Functional Assessment Questionnaire; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; RAVLT, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Nfl, neurofilament light; P-tau181, tau phosphorylated at threonine-181; TBI, traumatic brain injury; NS, not significant. MRI volumes presented as a fraction of intracranial volume.
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01, NS p > 0.05.