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. 2024 Sep 11;24:1070. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04831-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — M2-exo restored osteogenic differentiation in LPS-induced hPDLSCs is suppressed by CXCL12 knockdown (A) The expression of CXCL12 was measured by qPCR. (B) Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by ALP and ARS staining. (C) ALP activity in hPDLSCs was measured using an ALP activity kit. (D) The absorbance of ARS staining was measured at 562 nm. (E-G) The expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes ALP, OCN and Runx2 was measured by qPCR. (H) The protein levels of ALP, OCN and Runx2 were identified by western blot. (I-K) The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA assay