Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author (year, country) | Participant | Theory | Type of intervention | Setting | Content of intervention | Format | Conducted by | Duration | Outcomes measures | Measurement tools |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bauman et al. [52] (2021, United States) | n=397 I=200 C=197 Mean age=13.4 | Social cognitive theory, theory of reasoned action and theory of plan behavior | Curriculum- based Skill-based | Group-based School | Sexual risk behavior Social cognitions Gender norms, relationships, and resilience | Lecture | Facilitator | 14 weeks (11 sessions and 3-week internship) | HIV knowledge Behavioral intentions | 18-items [66] CAPS Sexual behavior [67] |
| Ezegbe et al. [53] (2018, Nigeria) | n=80 I=40 C=40 Mean age= 14.63- 14.93 |
Rationale emotive behavior therapy (REBT) |
Technology- based: digital storytelling |
Group-based School | Signs, symptoms, and stages Mode of transmission Preventive measures |
Lecture Audiovisual |
- | Twice per week over 8 weeks |
HIV knowledge |
HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18) |
| Farahani et al. [54] (2020, Iran) |
n=578 I=289 C=289 Mean age=14.1 |
Theory planned behavior | Curriculum- based | Group-based School | HIV virus HIV prevention HIV transmission Risky behaviors |
Lecture Brainstorming Workshop | Professional health promotion | 6 phases, 2 hours each phase over 10 months | HIV knowledge Attitude Behavioral intentions |
Structure questionnaire |
| Fiellin et al. [55] (2017, United States) |
n=333 Mean age=12.9 |
Interactive learning theory | Technology- based | Individual- based Community |
Sexual risk behaviors and knowledge Attitudes intentions | Video games | - | 75 minutes twice/week over 6 weeks | HIV knowledge Attitude Behavioral intentions |
Sexual health knowledge |
| Kaufman et al. [56] (2014, United States) |
n=635 I=314 C=321 Mean age: 12.98 |
Social cognitive theory and theory of planned behavior |
Curriculum- based | Group-based School |
Knowledge structures Outcome expectancies Efficacy expectancies | Lecture | Social worker | 12 months (30 hours) |
HIV knowledge |
Structured questionnaire National survey |
| Kennedy et al. [57] (2018, Liberia) |
n=704 I=353 C=351 Mean age=16.03 |
Social cognitive theory and theory of reasoned action |
Curriculum- based | Group-based Community | HIV/AIDS- knowledge, Peer norms Sexual attitudes Sexual behaviors |
Lecture | - | 6 months | HIV/AIDS knowledge |
HIV-related knowledge scale |
| Khezri et al. [64] (2019, Iran) |
n=60 I=30 C=30 Mean age=6–18 |
- | Curriculum- based | Group-based Community | Intensity, sensitivity, prevalence, and transmission High-risk actions HIV/AIDS prevention Wrong beliefs HIV/AIDS treatment |
Lecture Movie Photos | - | 2 days | HIV knowledge Attitude |
Knowledge questionnaire about HIV and AIDS Attitude questionnaire about HIV and AIDS |
| Khosravi et al. [65] (2018, Iran) |
n=61 I=30 C=31 Mean age=14.9 |
- | Curriculum- based | Group-based Community | The nature of the disease Mode of transmission, prevention methods Free of charge HIV/AIDS services Communicate and teach their friends |
Lecture Brochures | Trained peers’ educator | 4 weeks | HIV knowledge Attitude Behavioral intentions |
Behavioral surveillance surveys |
| Lescano et al. [59] (2020, United States) |
n=227 I=117 C=110 Mean age I=43.43 (7.18) C=43.86 (6.98) |
- | Curriculum- based Skill-based |
Group-based Community | HIV prevention High-risk behavior Communication about sex and risk behavior Decision-making procedures |
Lecture Discussion Parent involvement: + |
Health professional | 7 hours | HIV knowledge |
HIV knowledge questionnaire and self-efficacy for HIV prevention |
| Marsch et al. [60] (2015, United States) |
n=141 I=69 C=72 Mean age=12.9 |
- | Technology- based | Individual- based Community |
Drug and sex- related factors Youth living with HIV and Hepatitis C Disease coping Managing stigma Disclosing serostatus Healthy style |
Web-based | - | 2 weeks | HIV knowledge Behavioral intentions |
HIV, hepatitis, and STI knowledge test Behavioral intentions scale |
| Mathews et al. [58] (2016, South Africa) |
n=3034 I=1515 C=1519 Mean age=13.7 |
Reason action theory and I-Change theoretical model |
Curriculum- based Skill-based |
Group-based School | Educational program School health service School safety program |
Lecture-based | School nurse | 21 weeks 1– 1.5 hours per week |
HIV knowledge Attitude Behavioral intentions |
Structure questionnaire |
| Nelson et al. [61] (2021, United States) |
n=154 I=77 C=77 Mean age=14–17 |
- | Technology- based | Individual- based Community |
Male anatomy HIV/STIs prevention information General sexual health information Pornography literacy skills |
Games Animation video Infographic | - | 18 weeks | HIV knowledge |
HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18) STD Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) Validated questionnaire |
| Ofoegbu et al. [62] (2020, Nigeria) |
n=98 I=49 C=49 Mean age=20.43 (0.89) |
Technology- based | Group-based School | Signs, symptoms, and stages Mode of transmission Preventive measures |
Lecture (Audiovisual storytelling) Counselling | Therapist | 16 sessions 8 weeks | HIV knowledge |
HIV-KQ-18 | |
| Peskin et al. [63] (2019, United States) |
n=1543 I=804 C=739 Mean age=13 |
Theory planned behavior | Technology- based | Individual and group- based School |
Friendship qualities Dating Sexual behavior |
Lecture Discussion Parent involvement: + |
Teachers | 24 lessons over 4 months |
HIV knowledge Attitude Behavioral intentions |
Validated questionnaire |
AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; C: comparison; CAPS: condom attitude and practice scale; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; I: intervention; n: total number; STIs: sexually transmitted infections; STD-KQ: sexually transmitted disease-knowledge questionnaire