Table 1.
The relationship between clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
| Variables | Classification | GOS>3 | GOS≤3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 292 (80.2%) | 339 (77.8%) |
| Female | 72 (19.8%) | 97 (22.2%) | |
| Miss | 0 | 0 | |
| Age | 44.78±20.006 | 51.98±18.286 | |
| Miss | 0 | 0 | |
| Hypertension | Y | 67 (18.4%) | 136 (31.2%) |
| N | 297 (81.6%) | 300 (68.8%) | |
| Miss | 0 | 0 | |
| Pupil | Unequal | 64 (17.6%) | 230 (52.8%) |
| Equal | 300 (82.4%) | 206 (47.2%) | |
| Miss | 0 | 0 | |
| SAH | Y | 210 (57.7%) | 299 (68.6%) |
| N | 154 (42.3%) | 136 (31.2%) | |
| Miss | 0 | 1 | |
| Brain herniation | Y | 30 (8.2%) | 280 (64.2%) |
| N | 334 (91.8%) | 156 (35.8%) | |
| Miss | 0 | 0 | |
| CI | Y | 9 (2.5%) | 31 (7.1%) |
| N | 354 (97.3%) | 405 (92.9%) | |
| Miss | 1 | 0 | |
| WBC | 13.25 (10.6075–17.62) | 18.185 (14.395–22.975) | |
| Miss | 0 | 6 | |
| NEU | 11.22 (8.7425–14.9725) | 15.805 (12.242–20.4125) | |
| Miss | 0 | 6 | |
| LYM | 1.17 (0.85–1.71) | 1.21 (0.8375–1.8825) | |
| Miss | 0 | 6 | |
| MON | 0.57 (0.34–0.78) | 0.71 (0.41–1.03) | |
| Miss | 0 | 6 | |
| MCV | 89 (85.525–92.2) | 89.7 (86.9–92.5) | |
| Miss | 0 | 6 | |
| MCH | 30.5 (29.1–31.7) | 30.3 (29.3–31.4) | |
| Miss | 0 | 6 | |
| CR | 68 (56.1–78) | 79 (64–98.15) | |
| Miss | 0 | 7 | |
| GLU | 7.78 (6.2075–9.3475) | 10.2 (7.975–13.75) | |
| Miss | 0 | 7 | |
| TP | 68 (63–73.475) | 65.2 (56.05–72) | |
| Miss | 0 | 11 | |
| ALB | 41 (37.525–44) | 39 (33–43) | |
| Miss | 0 | 11 | |
| GLB | 24.95 (21.7–29.3) | 24 (19.4–28.7) | |
| Miss | 142 | 190 | |
| CK | 311 (140.1–605) | 410 (207.5–892.75) | |
| Miss | 13 | 28 | |
| CK-MB | 21 (13.5–36) | 37 (20–71.75) | |
| Miss | 13 | 28 | |
| K | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 3.72 (3.325–4.195) | |
| Miss | 0 | 7 | |
| Na | 138.6 (136–141) | 139 (136–142.2) | |
| Miss | 0 | 7 | |
| Ca | 2.16 (2.07–2.26) | 2.1 (1.96–2.22) | |
| Miss | 0 | 7 | |
| FDP | 40.4 (16.2–120) | 120 (62.4–211.535) | |
| Miss | 43 | 71 | |
| D-Dimer | 12.805 (4.3325–35.2) | 35.2 (12.735–35.2) | |
| Miss | 10 | 27 | |
| PT | 11.9 (11.3–12.5) | 12.5 (11.5–13.9) | |
| Miss | 5 | 27 | |
| TT | 17.5 (16.4–18.9) | 18.7 (16.6–21.2) | |
| Miss | 5 | 27 | |
| FIB | 2.2 (1.67–3.15) | 1.88 (1.2–2.955) | |
| Miss | 5 | 27 | |
| CRP | 7.2 (7.2–30.95) | 26.5 (7.2–73.6) | |
| Miss | 36 | 42 | |
| SDH | High (≥14.05) | 139 (38.2%) | 355 (81.4%) |
| Low (<14.05) | 225 (61.8%) | 81 (18.6%) | |
| Miss | 0 | 0 | |
| Coagulopathy | Yes | 218 (59.9%) | 358 (82.1%) |
| No | 144 (39.6%) | 68 (15.6%) | |
| Miss | 2 | 10 | |
| X1 | 1 point | 88 (24.2%) | 297 (68.1%) |
| 2 points | 50 (13.7%) | 50 (11.5%) | |
| 3 points | 130 (35.7%) | 61 (14%) | |
| 4 points | 94 (25.8%) | 18 (4.1%) | |
| Miss | 2 | 10 |
ALB, albumin; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CI, cerebral ischemic; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme; Cr, creatinine; CRP, C-reactive protein; FDP, fibrin degradation products; FIB, Fibrinogen; GLB, globulin; Glu, glucose; INR, International Normalized Ratio; LYM, lymphocyte; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MON, monocyte; NEU, neutrophile; PT, Prothrombin time; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; SDH, subdural hematoma; TP, total protein; TT, thrombin time; WBC, white blood cell; X1 (1 point), patients with coagulopathy and thick SDH thickness; X1 (2 points), patients with coagulopathy and thin SDH thickness; X1 (3 points), patients without coagulopathy and with thick SDH thickness; X1 (4 points), patients without coagulopathy and with thin SDH thickness; X1, coagulopathy combined with subdural hematoma thickness.
All data were analyzed using the chi-square test, rank-sum test, and Fisher’s precision probability test, and P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistically significant differences.