Figure 2. Future therapeutic strategies that may influence the gut-eye axis.

This diagram illustrates the benefits of therapies aimed at modifying the microbiome. Probiotics and prebiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium modulate the immune response and decrease inflammation. Diets rich in fermented products and fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provide natural probiotics and SCFAs that have a positive effect on the microbiota. Fecal transplantation of microbiota from a healthy donor decreases inflammation in extraintestinal diseases and may have an important role in the treatment of eye diseases. Future research into these therapies, directed at ophthalmologic diseases, represents an opportunity to provide comprehensive management of patients with these diseases.

SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids

Figure created with BioRender

All credits to Anahi Rojas Huerta