Table 2.
Echocardiographic characteristics.
| Baseline no RVD | Baseline RVD | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No RVD (n = 325) | New-onset RVD (n = 106) | Normalized RVD (n = 73) | Residual RVD (n = 94) | All groups | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 54.0 (50.0–58.0) | 49.0 (45.0–55.0) | 42.0 (37.0–49.0) | 43.5 (38.0–51.0) | <0.001 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.6 (0.4–0.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Peak velocity, m/s | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 2.1 (1.9–2.4) | <0.001 |
| Mean gradient, mmHg | 7.2 (4.6–10.2) | 6.3 (4.8–7.8) | 3.8 (1.5–7.1) | 4.9 (2.6–6.7) | <0.001 |
| AV pressure for one-half time | 410.0 (362.0–465.0) | 408.5 (347.0–465.0) | 357.0 (314.0–420.0) | 378.0 (335.0–411.0) | <0.001 |
| E/e’ | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) | 2.2 (2.1–2.4) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | <0.001 |
| LVEDV, ml/m2 | 52.1 (43.6–60.6) | 56.4 (46.7–64.7) | 60.2 (46.6–68.2) | 56.6 (43.4–66.8) | <0.001 |
| LVESV, ml/m2 | 22.8 (17.6–29.0) | 28.6 (21.9–34.4) | 27.6 (23.5–31.0) | 27.3 (23.7–30.6) | <0.001 |
| Left atrial volume index, ml/m2 | 42.4 (34.3–52.1) | 51.1 (38.9–61.1) | 51.4 (36.8–59.9) | 47.5 (33.7–58.8) | <0.001 |
| Mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate | 20.6 (67) | 29.2 (31) | 41.1 (30) | 31.9 (30) | 0.001 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation ≥ moderate | 12.3 (40) | 35.0 (37) | 41.1 (30) | 28.7 (27) | <0.001 |
| FAC, % | 42.1 (37.8–45.9) | 36.2 (31.3–39.6) | 31.1 (27.6–34.1) | 31.1 (27.5–35.3) | <0.001 |
| DTI (S’), cm/s | 10.9 (8.8–13.2) | 9.6 (7.2–12.3) | 10.0 (6.9–12.5) | 9.6 (7.0–12.2) | <0.001 |
| TAPSE, cm | 2.0 (1.7–2.4) | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | <0.001 |
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg | 37.0 (30.7–45.0) | 53.9 (47.0–60.5) | 46.8 (42.9–54.4) | 44.8 (40.9–51.7) | <0.001 |
| RV–RA gradient, mmHg | 38.1 (33.5–43.8) | 42.9 (37.4–47.1) | 44.6 (38.5–50.1) | 43.6 (35.8–49.1) | <0.001 |
| TR peak velocity, m/s | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| RV basal diameter, mm | 36.9 (31.9–42.4) | 29.7 (25.8–33.2) | 36.0 (32.8–42.7) | 37.3 (32.1–44.3) | <0.001 |
| RV mid-cavity diameter, mm | 18.2 (15.9–21.5) | 18.4 (15.8–21.5) | 19.3 (16.8–22.0) | 19.7 (17.1–22.2) | 0.048 |
AV, aortic valve; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; FAC, fraction area change; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; RVD, right ventricular dysfunction; S’, right ventricular lateral systolic motion using tissue doppler imaging; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.
The bold p value means that the value is <0.05.