Table 1.
The diagnostic accuracy of screening tests stratified for disease aetiology
| Test | AUC (95% CI) |
Sensitivity (95% CI) |
Specificity (95% CI) |
Positive likelihood ratio | Negative likelihood ratio | Positive predictive value | Negative predictive value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases vs controls | |||||||
| LNSC |
0.76 (0.65–0.87) p < 0.001 |
87.5% (73.2–95.8) |
71.1% (73.2–95.8) |
2.49 | 0.19 | 76.1% | 84.3% |
| LNSE |
0.79 (0.66–0.92) p < 0.001 |
55.8% (37.9–72.8) |
96.1% (80.4–99.9) |
14.53 | 0.46 | 95.0% | 62.5% |
| ODST |
0.74 (0.59–0.88) p = 0.020 |
94.7% (82.2–99.3) |
52.1% (30.6–73.2) |
1.98 | 0.10 | 76.6% | 85.7% |
| LDDST |
0.85 (0.69–1.0) p < 0.001 |
97.4% (86.5–99.9) |
72.7% (39.0–94.0) |
3.57 | 0.04 | 92.7% | 88.9% |
| UFC |
0.59 (0.43–0.76) p = 0.260 |
60.0% (43.3–75.1) |
58.0% (32.9–81.6) |
1.46 | 0.68 | 77.4% | 38.5% |
| CD vs controls | |||||||
| LNSC |
0.82 (0.72–0.93) p < 0.001 |
100% (80.5–100) |
64.9% (47.5–79.8) |
2.85 | 0.00 | 56.7% | 100% |
| LNSE |
0.93 (0.83–1.00) p < 0.001 |
86.7% (59.5–98.3) |
96.1% (80.4–99.9) |
22.53 | 0.14 | 92.9% | 92.6% |
| ODST |
0.71 (0.55–0.87) p = 0.03 |
88.9% (65.3–96.6) |
52.2% (30.6–73.2) |
1.86 | 0.21 | 59.3% | 85.7% |
| LDDST |
0.86 (0.70–1.0) p = 0.001 |
100% (84.6–100) |
72.7% (39.0–94.0) |
3.67 | 0.00 | 88.0% | 100% |
| UFC |
0.75 (0.58–0.91) p = 0.008 |
90.9% (70.8–98.9) |
58.8% (32.9–81.6) |
2.21 | 0.15 | 74.1% | 83.3% |
| MACS vs controls | |||||||
| LNSC |
0.71 (0.57–0.85) p = 0.007 |
77.2% (54.6–92.2) |
64.8% (47.5–79.8) |
2.20 | 0.3 | 56.7% | 82.8% |
| LNSE |
0.66 (0.47–0.85) P = 0.102 |
27.8% (9.7–53.5) |
96.1% (80.4–99.9) |
7.22 | 0.75 | 83.3% | 65.8% |
| ODST |
0.76 (0.66–1.00) p = 0.004 |
100% (82.4–100.0) |
52.2% (30.6–73.2) |
2.09 | 0.00 | 63.3% | 100% |
| LDDST |
0.83 (0.66–1.00) p = 0.004 |
93.8% (69.8–99.8) |
72.7% (39.0–94.0) |
3.44 | 0.09 | 83.3% | 88.9% |
| UFC |
0.62 (0.43–0.80) p = 0.242 |
17.7% (3.8–43.4) |
58.8% (32.9–81.6) |
0.43 | 1.4 | 30.0% | 41.7% |
LNSC late-night salivary cortisol, LNSE late-night salivary cortisone, ODST overnight dexamethasone test, LDDST low-dose (2 mg) dexamethasone test, UFC 24 h urinary free cortisol. CD Cushing’s disease, MACS mild autonomous cortisol secretion