TABLE 3.
Effect of a single session of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on the skin temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure (x ± SD).
|
Variables |
Groups | Pre-training | Immediately after WBC | 5 min after WBC | 15 min after WBC | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interaction (η2) | Group (η2) | Time (η2) | ||||||
| PR (times/min) | WBC | 72.0 ± 12.9 | 78.3 ± 14.9 | 75.3 ± 18.6 | 75.3 ± 18.6 | 0.103 (0.519) | 0.836 (0.004) | 0.166 (0.452) |
| CON | 76.5 ± 9.1 | 70.3 ± 5.5 | 73.8 ± 9.9 | 69.7 ± 11.8 | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | WBC | 125.1 ± 6.1 | 130.0 ± 6.8 | 131.3 ± 11.0 | 124.5 ± 6.4 | 0.433 (0.272) | 0.208 (0.153) | 0.563 (0.215) |
| CON | 134.1 ± 5.8 | 127.5 ± 8.5 | 129.6 ± 6.5 | 129.5 ± 5.2 | ||||
| DBP (mmHg) | WBC | 56.1 ± 5.5 | 61.3 ± 6.9 | 72.5 ± 13.5 | 60.8 ± 6.2 | 0.053 (0.597) | 0.339 (0.091) | 0.703 (0.153) |
| CON | 72.0 ± 21.6 | 59.3 ± 5.8 | 52.5 ± 5.2 | 57.1 ± 6.5 | ||||
| Forehead temperature (°C) | WBC | 36.3 ± 0.3 | 27.3 ± 0.3*& | 30.0 ± 0.2*& | 36.2 ± 0.3 | 0.036 (0.413) | 0.021 (0.445) | 0.015 (0.549) |
| CON | 36.6 ± 0.2 | 36.4 ± 0.3 | 36.4 ± 0.2 | 36.5 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Upper arm temperature (°C) | WBC | 36.7 ± 0.7 | 23.7 ± 0.7*& | 27.7 ± 2.1*& | 35.2 ± 1.6 | <0.01 (0.832) | <0.01 (0.886) | <0.01 (0.914) |
| CON | 36.3 ± 0.2 | 36.2 ± 0.3 | 36.3 ± 0.3 | 36.3 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Thigh temperature (°C) | WBC | 35.9 ± 0.1 | 24.8 ± 0.4*& | 25.2 ± 0.4*& | 35.0 ± 3.0 | <0.01 (0.879) | <0.01 (0.913) | <0.01 (0.878) |
| CON | 35.9 ± 0.1 | 35.9 ± 0.1 | 35.9 ± 0.0 | 35.9 ± 0.1 | ||||
CON, control group. *significant difference within the WBC group, compared to the pre-training group, p < 0.05; &significant difference between the two groups at the same test time, p < 0.05; PR, pulse rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.