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. 2024 Aug 15;16(9):2146–2169. doi: 10.1038/s44321-024-00117-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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(A) The neutrophils were labeled with calcein-AM (living cell, green) and Hoechst 33342 (nuclei, blue). Graded concentrations of tPA were added to the culture system with LPS (10 μg/ml) added as the positive control. After 18 h of culture, the viability of neutrophils was observed and calculated under a fluorescent microscope. Typical results from five independent experiments are shown. Scale bar = 20 µm. (B) Statistical analysis of the cell viability is shown (n = 12–15). (C) Schematic diagram illustrating the experimental design. (D) The culture system was treated with 10 μg/ml tPA and different concentrations of HRG (0.05 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.25 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM), and the viability of neutrophils was observed by calcein-AM staining. Scale bar = 20 µm. (E) The concentration-response curves of the effects of HRG on neutrophil mortality rate (0 μM, n = 12; 0.05 μM, n = 13; 0.1 μM, n = 15; 0.25 μM, n = 12; 0.5 μM, n = 14; 1 μM, n = 13). Data information: Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Two-tailed Kruskal–Wallis H test is used in (B, E). Source data are available online for this figure.