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. 2024 Sep 12;15:7993. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52418-y

Fig. 6. ICAA-C-based vagus nerve stimulation regulates inflammation and cardiac sympathetic nerve activity.

Fig. 6

a, b Serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (a), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (b) at 4 weeks post-operation (n = 7 independent animals). c, d Serum level of norepinephrine (NE) (c), and epinephrine (EPI) (d) at 4 weeks post-operation (n = 7 independent animals). e Immunofluorescence staining of the left ventricle, right ventricle, and ventricular septum of rat heart in the ICAA-C, MI, and control groups for neurofilament 200 (NF200). Scale bar, 50= μm. f–h Normalized fluorescence intensity of ICAA-C, MI, and control group respectively for f GAP43, g NF200, h TH (n = 6 independent animals). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation in (a–c, d, f–h), and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA first, and then by the Tukey′s post hoc test. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. NS not significant. p1 (MI vs Control), p2 (ICAA-C vs Control), p3 (ICAA-C vs MI). a p1 (1.09 × 10−7), p2 (0.06127), p3 (1.21 × 10−5). b p1 (9.49 × 10−5), p2 (0.148), p3 (6.79 × 10−3). c p1 (1.84 × 10−8), p2 (0.7558), p3 (1.39 × 10−7) d p1 (1.48 × 10−6), p2 (0.0182), p3 (7.17 × 10−4). f Right ventricle: p1 (0.00192), p2 (0.9767), p3 (0.00127). Ventricular septum: p1 (0.022), p2 (0.9928), p3 (0.0175). Left ventricle: p1 (0.0254), p2 (0.8433), p3 (0.0084). g Right ventricle: p1 (8.07 × 10−5), p2 (0.4737), p3 (1.01 × 10−5). Ventricular septum: p1 (0.0252), p2 (0.9378), p3 (0.0487). Left ventricle: p1 (0.0167), p2 (0.999), p3 (0.0155). h Right ventricle: p1 (0.0119), p2 (0.982), p3 (0.0171). Ventricular septum: p1 (0.0162), p2 (0.8834), p3 (0.00625). Left ventricle: p1 (1.19 × 10−5), p2 (0.6060), p3 (9.82 × 10−6).