Table 4.

Results from multivariable linear mixed effects models, with log of ANA titer as the outcome.

Variable	Coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
Age (years)	−0.0003 (−0.002, 0.001)	0.66
Female (Male referent)	0.10 (0.03, 0.16)	0.005**
Race (White referent)
Black	0.10 (0.03, 0.16)	0.003**
Other/unknown	−0.06 (−0.16, 0.04)	0.26
Ethnicity (non-Hispanic referent)
Hispanic	0.01 (−0.12, 0.15)	0.85
Unknown	0.20 (0.11, 0.29)	<0.001***
Group (ANA+ control referent)
Other rheumatic disease	0.33 (0.26, 0.39)	<0.001***
SLE	0.42 (0.36, 0.48)	<0.001***
Time from first positive ANA test (months)
ANA+ control	−0.004 (−0.005, −0.004)	<0.001***
Other rheumatic disease	−0.001 (−0.002, −0.001)	<0.001***
SLE	−0.003 (−0.004, −0.003)	<0.001***

SLE group represents combined SLE groups; SLE based on ICD coding and SLE patients enrolled in the IRB-approved Cleveland Clinic Lupus Cohort (CCLC).