Table 1.

Comparison of small-scale and commercial aquaponics.

Characteristics	Small-Scale	Commercial
Size	Few to hundred liters fish tank	Several thousand liters fish tank, with several acres
Location	Indoors or backyards	Large greenhouse
Investment	Relatively low	Require high capital investment
Expertise	Easier to manage with less skills	Skilled workers required
Market	Personal consumption/Locally	Larger markets
IoT technology	Basic	Advanced
Variety	Diverse range of crops and fish species in small quantity	Specific high-value crops and fish species for market demand