Table 3.
Perioperative outcomes.
| Variables | SP-RATS | TP-RATS | VATS | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 11) | (n = 24) | (n = 29) | SP-RATS vs. TP-RATS | SP-RATS vs. VATS | TP-RATS vs. VATS | |
| Total operative time (min) | 198 [159–260] |
181.5 [165.5–212.5] |
178 [154–232] |
0.817 | 0.496 | 0.706 |
| R0 resection | 11 (100%) | 23 (96%) | 26 (90%) | 1.000 | 0.548 | 0.447 |
| Type of surgery | 0.803 | 0.590 | 0.617 | |||
| Lobectomy | 7 (63%) | 16 (67%) | 22 (76%) | |||
| Lobectomy + wedge | 2 (18%) | 2 (8%) | 3 (10%) | |||
| Lobectomy + segmentectomy | 0 | 0 | 1 (3%) | |||
| Sleeve lobectomy | 0 | 2 (8%) | 1 (3%) | |||
| Bilobectomy | 2 (18%) | 4 (17%) | 1 (3%) | |||
| Pneumonectomy | 0 | 0 | 1 (3%) | |||
| Conversion | ||||||
| Additional port | 1 (9%) | 3 (12%) | 7 (24%) | 1.000 | 0.405 | 0.318 |
| VATS | 1 (9%) | 2 (8%) | 1.000 | |||
| Open | 0 | 0 | 5 (17%) | 0.298 | 0.041 | |
| Chest tube duration (days) | 3 [2–5] | 3 [3–4.75] | 3 [2–5] | 0.532 | 0.767 | 0.845 |
| Postoperative LOS (days) | 4 [4–10] | 5 [4.25–8.5] | 6 [5–10] | 0.494 | 0.265 | 0.498 |
| Postoperative pain (VAS score) | ||||||
| POD 0 pain | 4 [3–5] | 4 [3–5.75] | 4 [3–7] | 0.563 | 0.538 | 0.697 |
| POD 1 pain | 3 [2–3] | 3 [2–3] | 3 [2–5] | 0.938 | 0.186 | 0.071 |
| POD 2 pain | 2 [2–3] | 2 [2–3] | 3 [2–3] | 0.640 | 0.398 | 0.669 |
| Postoperative complications | 1.000 | 0.723 | 0.057 | |||
| None | 7 (63%) | 15 (62%) | 15 (52%) | |||
| Minor complication (Grade I–II) | 4 (36%) | 6 (25%) | 14 (48%) | |||
| Major complication (Grade III–V) | 0 | 3 (12%) | 0 | |||
SP-RATS, single-port robotic-assisted thoracic surgery; TP-RATS, two-port robotic-assisted thoracic surgery; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery; LOS, length of stay; VAS, visual analog scale; POD, postoperative day. Data are expressed as number (%) and median [interquartile range].