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. 2024 Aug 23;16(17):2942. doi: 10.3390/cancers16172942

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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ABM and ODE virtual cohort simulations show a wide range of efficacies for immune checkpoint blockade therapy. (A) ABM simulations of virtual cohort response to ICI. (B) ODE simulations of virtual cohort response to ICI. Blue line: simulated median. Shaded grey region: 5 to 100 percentile of simulated tumor volumes on each day. Shaded blue region: 25 to 75 percentile of simulated tumor volumes on each day. (C) Histogram of ABM-simulated tumor volumes on Day 19. (D) Histogram of ODE-simulated tumor volumes on Day 19.