Table 1.
Selected studies investigating the risk of CSCC incidence in SOTRs.
| Author and Reference | Country | Number of Patients | Transplant Type | Immunosuppressive Drug | Risk of CSCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lindelof et al., 2000 [36] | Sweden | 5356 | Solid-organ transplant 1 | Not reported | RR 108.6 in men and 92.8 in women compared to general population [S] |
| Jensen et al., 1999 [35] | Norway | 2561 | Kidney and heart transplant | Cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone | 65-fold increase in CSCC compared to the general population, and CSCC was higher in patients who received cyclosporine [S] |
| Sheil et al., 1977 [30] | Australia | 1884 | Kidney transplant | Not reported | The highest incidence of cancer post-transplant was skin cancer [N/A] |
| Bavinck et al., 1996 [32] | Australia | 1098 | Kidney transplant on cyclosporine, azathioprine, and/or prednisone | Cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone | Cumulative incidence of NMSC increased from 7% at 1 year to 45% at 11 years [N/A] |
| Hartevelt et al., 1990 [31] | Netherland | 764 | Kidney transplant | Cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone | A 253-time higher risk of CSCC compared to the general Dutch population [N/A] |
| Ramsay et al., 2007 [33] | UK | 244 | Kidney transplant | Not reported | Mean incidence per year of NMSC was 7.82%, and CSCC was the highest [N/A] |
| Dantal et al., 2018 [38] 2 | Europe | 120 | Transplant recipients receiving calcineurin inhibitors were randomized to sirolimus vs. continuing calcineurin inhibitors 2 | Sirolimus vs. CNI, MPA, azathioprine, prednisone | Secondary CSCC rate was 22% in the group that switched to sirolimus vs. 59% in the group that continued calcineurin inhibitors [S] |
| Ong et al., 1999 [34] | Australia | 455 | Heart transplant | Cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone | Cumulative incidence of skin cancer was 31% and 43% at 5 and 10 years, respectively; CSCC to BCC ratio was 3:1 [S] |
| Brewer et al., 2009 [37] | US | 312 | Heart transplant | MTOR inhibitors, cyclosporine, MPA, CNI, azathioprine, prednisone | Cumulative incidence of NMSC was 20.4% and 46.4% at 5 and 15 years [N/A] |
1 Included kidney, liver, heart, lung, liver, and pancreas transplants. 2 Randomized trial. Abbreviations: BCC: Basal cell carcinoma. CNI: Calcineurin inhibitor. MPA: Mycophenolic acid. CSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. NMSC: Non-melanoma skin cancer including CSCC and basal cell carcinoma. RR: Relative risk. S: Statistically significant. N/A: Statistical significance information not available or not applicable.