Table 1.

CW thickness measurements of S. aureus JE2 parent and JE2ΔmpsABC exposed to ambient air and 5% CO₂.

Cell Wall Thickness in nm (mean ± SD)
Strain	Ambient Air	5% CO2
JE2 parent	15.37 ± 2.64	12.05 ± 2.44
JE2ΔmpsABC	33.43 ± 7.71	15.00 ± 2.78

Quantification of the CW thickness (nm) was determined using the program ImageJ (Fiji software, version 1.53c; ImageJ-win64). Each value represents the mean ± standard deviations (SD) from a total of 20 cells for each strain (JE2 parent and ΔmpsABC) in each condition (ambient air and 5% CO₂).