Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and associational 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for Cox proportional hazard regression of mortality on autism and sociodemographic characteristics with time-varying COVID step function (N = 93,266,640).

	Unadjusted	Adjusted
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Autism
Yes	2.36 (1.83, 3.05)	2.35 (1.80, 3.06)
No	reference
Sex
Female	0.63 (0.58, 0.69)	0.64 (0.58, 0.70)
Male	reference
Age (years)
0–4	0.30 (0.21, 0.42)	0.35 (0.24, 0.51)
5–9	0.16 (0.13, 0.20)	0.19 (0.15, 0.24)
10–14	0.21 (0.18, 0.24)	0.25 (0.20, 0.30)
15–19	0.67 (0.60, 0.75)	0.75 (0.66, 0.87)
20–24	reference
Māori ethnicity
Yes	1.86 (1.71, 2.03)	1.61 (1.47, 1.78)
No	reference
Deprivation quintile
1 (least deprived)	reference
2	1.26 (1.06, 1.50)	1.19 (1.00, 1.42)
3	1.35 (1.14, 1.60)	1.25 (1.05, 1.49)
4	1.76 (1.50, 2.07)	1.62 (1.37, 1.91)
5 (most deprived)	2.07 (1.78, 2.41)	1.82 (1.55, 2.13)
Residential location
Urban	reference
Rural	1.39 (1.23, 1.57)	1.50 (1.33, 1.70)
Birth year
1996	reference
1997	0.90 (0.77, 1.05)	0.92 (0.78, 1.09)
1998	0.86 (0.73, 1.01)	0.95 (0.80, 1.13)
1999	0.74 (0.62, 0.88)	0.80 (0.66, 0.96)
2000	0.66 (0.55, 0.79)	0.76 (0.63, 0.93)
2001	0.62 (0.50, 0.75)	0.73 (0.59, 0.90)
2002	0.60 (0.49, 0.74)	0.77 (0.62, 0.97)
2003	0.63 (0.51, 0.79)	0.80 (0.63, 1.02)
2004	0.46 (0.36, 0.59)	0.64 (0.49, 0.84)
2005	0.46 (0.34, 0.57)	0.67 (0.50, 0.89)
2006	0.47 (0.36, 0.61)	0.77 (0.57, 1.03)
2007	0.37 (0.27, 0.50)	0.77 (0.55, 1.07)
2008	0.34 (0.25, 0.47)	0.69 (0.48, 0.98)
2009	0.36 (0.26, 0.51)	0.75 (0.52, 1.08)
2010	0.39 (0.28, 0.56)	0.81 (0.55, 1.18)
COVID step function
Yes	1.30 (1.17, 1.45)	1.13 (0.99, 1.24)
No	reference