TABLE 2.

Estimated ITT effects of Food Stamps exposure between conception and age 5 on a composite index of well-being

	(1)	(2)	(3)
%In utero–age 5	0.0042 (0.0025)	0.0075 (0.0027)	0.0087 (0.0025)
FE county, birth year, survey year	X	X	X
$Ct{y}_{60}\times$ linear cohort		X	X
State × birth year FE			X
Number of observations	17,400,000	17,400,000	17,400,000
Number of cells	4,272,000	4,272,000	4,272,000
Number of counties	3,000	3,000	3,000
R2	0.229	0.231	0.232

Notes: Each column provides estimates from the exposure model in equation (3), using as the outcome the composite index of adult well-being. The data are collapsed into cells at the birth-county × birth-year × birth-month × survey-year level, and the reported coefficient is on the exposure variable: the share of months between conception and age 5 that a cohort is exposed to Food Stamps based on when the program began in the cohort’s county of birth. All columns include fixed effects for birth county, birth year, birth month, and survey year. Column 2 adds 1960 county characteristics interacted with a linear trend in year of birth. Column 3 adds birth-state × birth-year fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered by county of birth and indicated in parentheses. The number of observations, number of cells, and number of counties are rounded to the nearest 1,000 for disclosure purposes. See also Figure 3 notes for more information on the sample and outcome.