Table 3.
Intra-group analyses for outcome variables in the intervention and control groups.
| Intervention Group | Control Group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Test (n = 60) |
Post-Test (n = 60) |
Z | p | Pre-Test (n = 53) |
Post-Test (n = 47) |
Z | p | |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||||
| Anxiety—STAI | ||||||||
| STAI-S | 29.58 (11.75) | 27.57 (11.42) | −1.15 | 0.250 | 26.29 (13.79) | 25.40 (13.66) | −0.79 | 0.430 |
| STAI-T | 28.68 (10.37) | 25.95 (9.14) | −3.26 | >0.001 | 24.63 (12.68) | 25.04 (11.99) | −0.84 | 0.404 |
| Depression—BDI-II | 14.10 (9.15) | 11.90 (8.39) | −2.56 | 0.010 | 13.57 (8.89) | 13.72 (11.96) | −0.23 | 0.817 |
| Burden—ZBI | 59.68 (14.45) | 58.13 (14.93) | −1.17 | 0.240 | 56.90 (15.47) | 56.15 (17.07) | −1.06 | 0.288 |
| HRQoL—SF-36 | ||||||||
| Physical functioning | 74.92 (23.08) | 76.08 (21.94) | −0.34 | 0.737 | 76.60 (20.68) | 75.04 (21.89) | −0.69 | 0.496 |
| Role-physical | 48.75 (42.79) | 57.50 (41.25) | −1.34 | 0.179 | 59.91 (45.03) | 48.94 (45.43) | −1.83 | 0.068 |
| Bodily pain | 50.92 (25.38) | 55.13 (22.94) | −1.16 | 0.248 | 51.30 (24.21) | 53.11 (25.98) | −0.46 | 0.647 |
| Social functioning | 60.42 (25.54) | 68.33 (25.68) | −2.36 | 0.018 | 68.16 (27.90) | 63.56 (29.93) | −1.15 | 0.250 |
| Role-emotional | 52.78 (46.05) | 54.44 (45.91) | −0.29 | 0.765 | 59.12 (45.59) | 66.66 (42.85) | −1.15 | 0.250 |
| Mental health | 52.40 (12.89) | 55.47 (11.84) | −2.07 | 0.038 | 55.02 (12.72) | 56.94 (12.01) | −0.65 | 0.519 |
| Vitality | 49.33 (19.49) | 52.00 (18.55) | −1.42 | 0.155 | 46.60 (20.93) | 49.57 (19.28) | −0.59 | 0.553 |
| General health | 54.03 (21.92) | 54.93 (21.44) | −0.34 | 0.732 | 53.82 (17.99) | 53.04 (17.42) | −0.18 | 0.855 |
| PCS | 44.22 (10.61) | 45.59 (9.73) | −0.88 | 0.377 | 44.91 (9.89) | 42.79 (10.54) | −2.06 | 0.039 |
| MCS | 37.18 (12.17) | 38.76 (11.09) | −1.16 | 0.248 | 38.92 (12.83) | 41.06 (11.49) | −0.53 | 0.597 |
Note. n = number of participants; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; STAI (S/T) = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory II; ZBI = Zarit Burden Interview; SF-36 = Short Form 36; PCS = physical component summary; MCS = mental component summary.