Table 1.
Effect of hesperetin on the level of dopamine, glutamate, and oxidation/inflammation markers in brain homogenates.
| Markers | Control | ADHD Model | ADHD/HSP-25 | ADHD/HSP-50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glutamate (ng/g) | 11.3 ± 1.28 | 42.04 ± 5.07 * | 38.6 ± 4.56 * | 42.6 ± 5.94 * |
| Dopamine (ng/g) | 25.62 ± 3.94 | 7.38 ± 1.63 * | 12.12 ± 1.46 *# | 18.32 ± 1.99 *# |
| Malondialdehyde | 6.26 ± 0.78 | 20.4 ± 2.78 * | 11.96 ± 2.04 *# | 7.98 ± 0.69 # |
| Reduced glutathione | 90.8 ± 14.65 | 35.4 ± 9.45 * | 44.4 ± 9.37 * | 67.8 ± 10.80 *#$ |
| SIRT1 (ng/g) | 12.25 ± 2.32 | 2.6 ± 0.82 * | 6.06 ± 1.06 # | 8.56 ± 1.77 *# |
| Nrf2 (ng/g) | 66.4 ± 6.11 | 15.6 ± 5.77 * | 28.6 ± 15.95 *# | 46.2 ± 7.05 *#$ |
| HO-1 (pg/g) | 206.2 ± 15.06 | 48.6 ± 20.79 * | 116.2 ± 16.12 *# | 156.2 ± 20.54 *#$ |
| NFκB (pg/g) | 64.4 ± 16.73 | 482.8 ± 66.15 * | 404 ± 44.07 *# | 238.2 ± 42.90 *#$ |
| IL-1β (pg/g) | 17.4 ± 3.21 | 74.2 ± 8.26 * | 51.4 ± 4.39 *# | 31.8 ± 5.72 *#$ |
Data are mean ± SD. *, #, $: Versus control, ADHD model, and ADHD/HSP-25 at p < 0.05.