Table 1.
PSMA expression in prostate carcinoma.
| Authors | Technique | Material Derived from | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sweat et al. [31] | IHC | −232 pts, RP+lymphadenectomy | 100% of ppc +, 98% of LN PSMA+ |
| Mannweiler et al. [32] | IHC | −51 pts, ppc and distant lesions | 49/51 ppc+, 43/51 distant lesions + |
| Sayar et al. [26] | IHC Gene set enrichment analysis |
UW-TAN cohort), 636 samples, 339 distant metastatic sites), LuCa PDX, UW-TAN, and SU2C cohorts | - trend ↓ PSMA expression in AR- v. AR+, bimodal expression, intra-tumoral PSMA heterogeneity, PSMA expression on neovasculature - PSMA low/-lesions show ↑ glycolysis, hypoxia, inflammation, upregulation of MUC1, gain of CpG methylation and loss of histone3lysine27 acetylation |
| Bakht et al. [22] | - transcriptome analysis | - SUC2 and PCF cohorts | ↓ PSMA expression in liver M+, associated with promotor histone 3 lysine methylation and ↑neutral amino acid transporters, a subset of AR-/PSMA++ |
| Paschalis et al. [33] | - IHC | - 38CSPC tissue samples, 59 mCRPC biopsies (matched) | Ratio PSMA expression mCRPC/CSPC approximating 3, 16/38 CSPC and 16/59mCRPC PSMA- |
| Kaiitanis et al. [29] | genomic data analysis, IHC, and gene enrichment analysis, tissue microarray analysis |
MSCKK cohort PMID 25024180 −6 pts |
↑ PSMA expression is associated with faster biochemical recurrence and metastases changes in transcription of mTOR-regulated genes- Akt phosphorylation |
| Su et al. [34] | RNAse protection assays | normal/hyperplastic and cancerous prostate tissue | PSM/PSMA ratio’s; 0.075–045 in normal tissue, 0.75–1.6 in hyperplastic tissue, and 3–6 in cancerous tissue |
| Schmittgen et al. [35] | Quantitative PCR | normal/cancerous tissue (45 ppc/6 involvedLN/14 M+) | PSM’ ↑↑ in metastases |
Legend: IHC = immunohistochemistry, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, ppc = primary prostate carcinoma, LN = lymph nodes, AR = androgen receptor, MUC1 = mucine-1, CSPC = castration sensitive prostate carcinoma, mCRPC = metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma, ↑ = high or increased, ↓ = low or decreased, M+ = metastasis, RP = radical prostatectomie, ppc = primary prostate carcinoma, PSM’ = PSMA splice variant, PSMA = prostate-specific membrane antigen, pts = patients