Table 2.

PET-imaging studies assessed the impact on PSMA expression of prostate carcinoma lesions under androgen deprivation therapy.

Authors	Study Type	Nb of Patients	Treatment Duration, Range	Results
Afshar Oromieh et al. [43]	retrospective	10	42–396 d	14/31 lesions + in 8 pts, 1/3rd of lesions still + in 6 pts with a complete PSA response
Höberuck et al. [44]	retrospective	21	61–289 d	↓in all pts, in pts with post-therapy PSA <1 ng/mL, 49 lesions no longer visible
Gupta et al. [45]	retrospective	43	3–12 m	After a median treatment duration of 6 months, 23.3% of LN and 17.6% of M+ were no longer visible, ↓ in the PSMA signal ↑ in M0 vs. M1 disease
Emmett et al. [46]	prospective	15	28 d (imaging on d9, d18 and d28 post-treatment	In 8 hormone-sensitive patients, uptake progressively ↓ (LHRH +/− bicalutamide) In the 7 castration-resistant pts, uptake progressively ↑ (enzalutamide or arbiraterone))
Ettala et al. [47]	prospective	9	6.2 w (imaging at 1.5 w, 2.9 w and 6.2 weeks post-treatment)	In 1 pt, 3 new bone M+ were identified; in 7 pts, lesion count ↑; in 2 pts, no change was found
Malaspina et al. [48]	prospective	25	3–4 w	104/404 bone M+,33/314 LN and 6/57 ppc showed an ↑ in tracer uptake, in 22/23 pts with bone M+ a flare phenomenon was found

Legend. All patients underwent a baseline PSMA-targeted PET examination, treatment duration = timing, after which follow-up PET scans were performed. Study references are indicated between brackets. Pts = patients; ppc = primary prostate carcinoma; LN = lymph node; M+ = metastasis; LHRH = luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; ↑ = high(er) or increase; ↓ = low(er) or decrease; nb = number of.