Table 4.
Risk factor analysis for the need for re-surgery and 90-day mortality in patients following emergency surgery for colonic perforation.
| Re-Surgery (n = 51) |
90-Day Mortality (n = 26) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | |||
| Age ( ≤65 vs. >65 years) | 0.035 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.0 | 0.311 | 0.011 | 1.3 | 0.4–4.5 | 0.683 |
| Gender (female vs. male) | 0.517 | - | - | - | 0.836 | - | - | - |
| BMI ( ≤25 vs. >25 kg/m2) | 0.142 | - | - | - | 0.060 | - | - | - |
| NRS (<3 vs. ≥3) | 0.746 | - | - | - | 0.007 | 4.8 | 1.2–18.7 | 0.023 |
| Any comorbidity (no vs. yes) | 0.012 | 2.1 | 0.9–4.7 | 0.072 | 0.204 | - | - | - |
| Smoking (no vs. yes) | 1.000 | - | - | - | 0.496 | - | - | - |
| Previous abdominal surgery (no vs. yes) | 0.742 | - | - | - | 0.286 | - | - | - |
| Preoperative steroids/immunosuppression (no vs. yes) | 0.529 | - | - | - | 0.099 | - | - | - |
| Significantly reduced preoperative general condition (no vs. yes) | 0.037 | 1.4 | 0.5–3.5 | 0.506 | <0.001 | 4.4 | 1.4–13.7 | 0.011 |
| Localization of perforation (right hemicolon vs. left hemicolon) | 0.008 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.0 | 0.054 | 0.002 | 0.4 | 0.1–1.1 | 0.086 |
| Preoperative WBC (≤13.2 vs. >13.2 × 109/L) | 0.042 | * | * | * | 1.000 | - | - | - |
| Preoperative hemoglobin (≤11.5 vs. >11.5 g/dL) | 0.135 | - | - | - | 0.002 | * | * | * |
| Preoperative creatinine (≤0.9 vs. >0.9 mg/dL) | 0.013 | * | * | * | 0.027 | * | * | * |
| Preoperative CRP (≤140 vs. >140 mg/L) | 0.483 | - | - | - | 0.028 | * | * | * |
| Free abdominal air using radiology (no vs. yes) | 0.627 | - | - | - | 0.404 | - | - | - |
| Kind of surgery (Hartmann procedure vs. other) | 0.051 | - | - | - | 0.005 | 0.3 | 0.1–1.0 | 0.057 |
| Surgeon’s expertise (resident vs. specialist) | 0.740 | - | - | - | 1.000 | - | - | - |
| Time to surgery (≤4 vs. >4 h) | 0.354 | - | - | - | 0.818 | - | - | - |
| Operative time (≤169 vs. >169 min) | 0.627 | - | - | - | 0.832 | - | - | - |
| Need of intraoperative blood transfusion (no vs. yes) | 0.006 | 1.9 | 0.9–4.0 | 0.088 | <0.001 | 3.2 | 1.2–9.1 | 0.025 |
| Intraoperative swab (≤1 microorganism vs. ≥2 microorganisms) | 0.074 | - | - | - | 0.059 | - | - | - |
Bold = significant; BMI = Body mass index; WBC = White blood cell count; CRP = C-reactive protein. * indicates exclusion from multivariate analysis due to missing data.