Table 3.
Emulsifying properties (activity index and stability index) and water/oil-holding capacities of the RuBisCO-rich protein fractions extracted from pumpkin leaves.
| Samples | WHC (g/gproteins) | OHC (g/gproteins) | EAI (m2/gproteins) | ESI (h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maceration | 4.05 ± 0.58 ab | 6.58 ± 0.51 a | 8.77 ± 0.25 a | 3.56 ± 0.058 ab |
| UAE-20% | 4.71 ± 0.78 a | 5.15 ± 0.42 a | 6.62 ± 0.44 b | 3.97 ± 0.065 a |
| UAE-30% | 3.72 ± 0.62 b | 3.94 ± 0.52 b | 5.54 ± 0.24 c | 3.34 ± 0.054 b |
| UAE-40% | 2.43 ± 0.45 c | 2.91 ± 1.07 b | 5.21 ± 0.45 c | 1.66 ± 0.073 c |
| UAE-50% | 2.98 ± 0.62 c | 3.15 ± 0.38 b | 5.51 ± 0.31 c | 1.11 ± 0.085 d |
| UAE-60% | 2.48 ± 0.39 c | 2.58 ± 0.34 c | 5.13 ± 0.22 c | 0.28 ± 0.076 e |
| UAE-70% | 2.20 ± 0.35 c | 2.18 ± 0.33 c | n.d. | n.d. |
n.d.—not determined (reliable measurements at experimental conditions were not possible). The data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Means with different letters for the same protein functionality are significantly different (p < 0.05). Legend: UAE-20%, UAE-30%, UAE-40%, UAE-50%, UAE-60%, and UAE-70% mean ultrasound-assisted extraction process at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% amplitudes, respectively.