. 2024 Aug 27;16(17):2866. doi: 10.3390/nu16172866

Table 4.

Results from the regression analysis of NMR-derived biomarkers with age, sex, BMI, and different MRI measures as predictors. The generalized eta-squared value ( $η^{2}$ ) effect size measure and p-values for the MRI measures are shown.

NMR-Derived Biomarker	T2-LV $η^{2}$ (p-Value)	T1-LV $η^{2}$ (p-Value)	WBV $η^{2}$ (p-Value)	GMV $η^{2}$ (p-Value)	DGM $η^{2}$ (p-Value)	CV $η^{2}$ (p-Value)	LVV $η^{2}$ (p-Value)
Valine	0.020 (0.04)	0.020 (0.04)	0.012 (0.10)	0.020 (0.03)	0.015 (0.07)	0.024 (0.02)	0.017 (0.046)
Leucine	0.024 (0.02)	0.035 (0.006)	0.001 (0.60)	0.001 (0.58)	0.005 (0.30)	0.003 (0.41)	0.011 (0.11)
Isoleucine	0.012 (0.10)	0.019 (0.046)	0.014 (0.07)	0.015 (0.06)	0.014 (0.07)	0.019 (0.04)	0.013 (0.09)
BCAA	0.024 (0.02)	0.031 (0.01)	0.008 (0.17)	0.011 (0.10)	0.012 (0.09)	0.016 (0.06)	0.017 (0.046)
Alanine	<0.001 (0.83)	0.005 (0.32)	0.003 (0.41)	0.001 (0.59)	0.004 (0.34)	0.002 (0.50)	<0.001 (0.96)
Citrate	0.001 (0.62)	0.003 (0.46)	0.008 (0.18)	0.001 (0.63)	0.007 (0.19)	0.002 (0.49)	<0.001 (0.94)
sHDLP	0.015 (0.06)	0.009 (0.16)	0.001 (0.63)	0.005 (0.28)	0.017 (0.047)	0.003 (0.37)	0.005 (0.27)
GlycA	0.004 (0.35)	<0.001 (0.94)	0.008 (0.18)	0.015 (0.065)	0.013 (0.08)	0.013 (0.08)	0.023 (0.022)
IVX	0.015 (0.07)	0.002 (0.55)	0.005 (0.27)	0.017 (0.048)	0.028 (0.01)	0.014 (0.08)	0.019 (0.04)
MMX	0.014 (0.08)	0.019 (0.04)	<0.001 (0.93)	<0.001 (0.88)	<0.001 (0.69)	<0.001 (0.79)	0.006 (0.25)
MVX	0.032 (0.007)	0.014 (0.08)	0.004 (0.32)	0.017 (0.048)	0.030 (0.008)	0.015 (0.06)	0.030 (0.008)

Abbreviations: BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids; sHDLPs: small high-density lipoprotein particles; GlycAs: glycated proteins; IVX: Inflammatory Vulnerability Index; MMX: Metabolic Malnutrition Index; MVX Metabolic Vulnerability Index. T2-LV: T2-weighted lesion volume, ml; T1-LV: T1-weighted lesion volume, ml; WBV: whole brain volume; GMV: gray matter volume; DGM: deep gray matter volume; CV: cortical volume; LVV: lateral ventricle volume, mL.