Fig. 4.

Effects of prefrontal active and sham tDCS on cognition. The left panel shows average outcome measures before and after the intervention for each group (within-group comparisons). The right panels present average measures at each time point (pre- and post-intervention) across groups (active vs. sham). Note: tDCS = transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; RTI = Reaction Time; SWM = Spatial Working Memory; RVP = Rapid Visual Processing. Floating asterisks [*] in the left panel indicate significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements in all groups. Asterisks in the right panel indicate significant differences between active stimulation (1.5 mA) and sham tDCS at each time point. “ns” denotes non-significant results. All pairwise comparisons used Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons test, and error bars represent standard error of the mean (s.e.m.)