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Heatmap illustrating the causal estimates of circulating metabolites on dementia, AD and VaD. (A) Heatmap showing the univariable MR analysis result of 486 circulating metabolites in the primary analyses; (B) heatmap showing the univariable MR analysis result of 123 circulating metabolites in the secondary analyses. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; VaD: vascular dementia; IVW: inverse-variance weighting.
