Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics in each wave separately and the baseline.
| Characteristics | Year | p Value | Baseline of the Cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 2000 | 2004 | 2006 | 2015 | 2018 | |||
| Sample size, no | 586 | 880 | 1507 | 1672 | 1156 | 895 | - | 1836 |
| Age, mean ± SD (years) | 61.5 ± 4.5 | 62.8 ± 5.1 | 64.0 ± 6.0 | 64.6 ± 6.3 | 70.8 ± 4.3 | 72.6 ± 3.5 | <0.0001 | 60.1 ± 4.4 |
| Sex, no (%) | 0.2511 | |||||||
| Male | 316 (53.9) | 462 (52.5) | 775 (51.4) | 843 (50.4) | 567 (49.0) | 436 (48.7) | 956 (50.7) | |
| Female | 270 (46.1) | 418 (47.5) | 732 (48.6) | 829 (49.6) | 589 (51.0) | 459 (51.3) | 931 (49.3) | |
| Education, no (%) | <0.0001 | |||||||
| <middle school | 442 (76.5) | 605 (72.7) | 1065 (70.9) | 1139 (68.3) | 747 (64.7) | 535 (59.8) | 1318 (71.7) | |
| Middle school | 64 (11.1) | 111 (13.3) | 241 (16.0) | 281 (16.9) | 247 (21.4) | 219 (24.5) | 279 (15.2) | |
| >middle school | 72 (12.5) | 116 (13.9) | 196 (13.0) | 247 (14.8) | 161 (13.9) | 140 (15.7) | 242 (13.2) | |
| Household income, median (P25, P75) (yuan) | 2315.3 (1304.7, 3773.1) |
3268.6 (1693.2, 5570.3) |
3748.2 (1956.7, 6894.7) |
3992.4 (1953.9, 7874.5) |
11,622.6 (4322.6, 23,289.0) |
12,526.5 (4186.2, 26,738.0) |
<0.0001 | 3134.2 (1607.4, 5409.5) |
| Energy intake, mean ± SD (kcal/d) | 2358.0 ± 720.9 | 2244.6 ± 675.4 | 2204.5 ± 704.1 | 2228.7 ± 692.7 | 1883.1 ± 675.3 | 1927.0 ± 665.5 | <0.0001 | 2314.2 ± 688.8 |
| Currently smoke, no (%) | <0.0001 | |||||||
| No | 376 (65.6) | 587 (67.2) | 1045 (69.7) | 1215 (72.8) | 900 (78.0) | 722 (81.1) | 1262 (67.5) | |
| Yes | 197 (34.4) | 286 (32.8) | 455 (30.3) | 455 (27.2) | 254 (22.0) | 168 (18.9) | 608 (32.5) | |
| Alcohol intake, no (%) | <0.0001 | |||||||
| No | 379 (65.2) | 599 (69.6) | 1071 (71.5) | 1189 (71.5) | 905 (78.8) | 718 (80.9) | 1259 (67.6) | |
| Yes | 202 (34.8) | 262 (30.4) | 427 (28.5) | 474 (28.5) | 243 (21.2) | 169 (19.1) | 603 (32.4) | |
| Dietary choline intake, median (P25, P75) (mg/d) | 155.5 (82.2, 228.9) | 160.5 (94.2, 253.7) | 154.3 (96.3, 244.0) | 166.2 (103.8, 253.8) | 141.5 (82.6, 212.6) | 142.9 (87.8, 219.0) | <0.0001 | 161.1 (91.9, 243.6) |