Table 1.

Security challenges in IoT attack mitigation studies.

Ref.	Approach	Description	Privacy
[33]	CNN ResNet model	Transformed network traffic data into images for DoS/DDoS detection	No
[34]	Radio-based RF jamming mitigation	Utilized programmable beam-steering antennas for real-time jammer categorization	No
[35]	UNSW-NB15 data analysis	Investigated flow, MQTT, and TCP feature clusters	No
[36]	Machine learning algorithms	Evaluated nine ML algorithms for IoT malware identification	No
[37]	Simulation-based approach	Generated artificial training data for SVM classifiers	No