Table 1.
ICC, Pearson correlation coefficient, RMSE and t-test results for the IMUS and MAS at POC.
| Trial 1 | Trial 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICC (95% CI), p Value | Pearson’s r, p Value | IMU System RMSE (% MAS Mean) | Paired t-Test MAS (SD), IMU System (SD), p Value | ICC (95% CI), p Value | Pearson’s r, p Value | IMU System RMSE (% MAS Mean) | Paired t-Test MAS (SD), IMU System (SD), p Value | |
| POC Detection | ||||||||
| 12 km/h | 1.00 (1.00,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.005 s ^ | 5.44 (2.12), 5.44 (2.13), 0.003 * | 1.00 (1.00,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.0052 s ^ | 6.15 (2.75), 6.15 (2.75), <0.001 * |
| 14 km/h | 1.00 (1.00,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.0043 s ^ | 18.98 (2.23), 18.98 (2.24), <0.001 * | 1.00 (1.00,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.0052 s ^ | 22.33 (2.29), 22.33 (2.29), <0.001 * |
| 16 km/h | 1.00 (1.00,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.0155 s ^ | 31.40 (1.97), 31.40 (1.97), <0.001 * | 1.00 (0.99,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.0047 s ^ | 34.94 (1.63), 34.94 (1.63), <0.001 * |
| 18 km/h | 1.00 (1.00,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.0038 s ^ | 41.94 (1.32), 41.94 (1.32), 0.030 * | 1.00 (0.99,1.00), <0.001 * | 1.00, <0.001 * | 0.0076 s ^ | 44.70 (1.19), 44.70 (1.19), 0.010 * |
| POC Shank Angle | ||||||||
| 12 km/h | 0.04 (−0.01,0.26), 0.024 * | 0.61, 0.060 | 6.84° (94.34%) | 7.25 (1.44), 0.51 (1.28), <0.001* | 0.11 (−0.01,0.44), <0.001 * | 0.89, <0.001 * | 5.81° (76.56%) | 7.59 (1.57), 1.81 (1.46), <0.001 * |
| 14 km/h | 0.03 (−0.01,0.18), 0.037 * | 0.55, 0.08 | 8.20° (88.28%) | 9.29 (1.55), 1.19 (1.21), <0.001* | 0.02 (−0.01,0.14), 0.012 * | 0.71, 0.015 * | 7.83° (91.96%) | 8.51 (1.27), 0.73 (0.81), <0.001 * |
| 16 km/h | 0.01 (−0.00,0.06), 0.680 | 0.48, 0.155 | 10.09° (88.44%) | 11.41 (1.03), 1.36 (0.87), <0.001* | 0.05 (−0.01,0.30), 0.004 * | 0.82, 0.012 * | 8.50° (80.97%) | 10.50 (1.64), 2.05 (1.38), <0.001 * |
| 18 km/h | 0.01 (−0.01,0.12), 0.202 | 0.42, 0.35 | 10.13° (88.71%) | 11.42 (0.89), 1.39 (1.70), <0.001* | −0.00 (−0.01,0.07), 0.580 | −0.09, 0.858 | 10.08° (83.36%) | 12.09 (1.12), 2.12 (1.22), <0.001 * |
| POC Knee Angle | ||||||||
| 12 km/h | 0.08 (−0.03,0.40), 0.030 * | 0.60, 0.067 | 7.30° (43.17%) | 16.90 (2.27), 23.98 (1.78), <0.001 * | 0.06 (−0.01,0.31), <0.001 * | 0.81, <0.001 * | 9.03° (56.98%) | 15.85 (1.96), 24.81 (1.73), <0.001 * |
| 14 km/h | 0.08 (−0.01,0.39), <0.001 * | 0.81, 0.003 * | 8.20° (50.37%) | 16.28 (2.10), 24.39 (1.80), <0.001 * | 0.00 (−0.00,0.04), 0.204 | 0.27, 0.429 | 10.89° (68.21%) | 15.97 (1.10), 26.80 (0.94), <0.001 * |
| 16 km/h | 0.01 (−0.01,0.06), 0.158 | 0.35, 0.324 | 10.83° (68.59%) | 15.79 (0.99), 26.55 (1.32), <0.001 * | 0.00 (−0.00,0.04), 0.338 | 0.17, 0.68 | 12.11° (79.94%) | 15.15 (1.29), 27.18 (0.89), <0.001 * |
| 18 km/h | 0.07 (−0.01,0.42), 0.014 * | 0.81, 0.029 * | 10.07° (61.74%) | 16.31 (1.88), 26.26 (2.65), <0.001 * | −0.01 (−0.01,0.04), 0.915 | −0.61, 0.195 | 12.66° (82.23%) | 15.40 (1.30), 27.92 (0.94), <0.001 * |
| POC Hip Angle | ||||||||
| 12 km/h | 0.87 (0.36,0.97), <0.001 * | 0.92, <0.001 * | 0.86° (3.97%) | 21.61 (1.63), 22.19 (1.62), 0.021 * | 0.88 (0.64,0.96), <0.001 * | 0.88, <0.001 * | 0.52° (2.38%) | 21.61 (0.94), 21.69 (1.12), 0.579 |
| 14 km/h | 0.86 (0.49,0.96), <0.001 * | 0.90, <0.001 * | 0.68° (2.93%) | 23.17 (1.26), 23.58 (1.29), 0.041 * | 0.53 (−0.09,0.87), <0.001 * | 0.84, <0.001 * | 1.20° (5.22%) | 22.95 (0.94), 24.02 (1.02), <0.001 * |
| 16 km/h | 0.69 (0.04,0.92), 0.002 * | 0.84, 0.003 * | 1.34° (5.66%) | 23.66 (1.32), 24.59 (1.81), 0.017 * | 0.70 (−0.09,0.94), <0.001 * | 0.88, 0.004 * | 1.39° (5.82%) | 23.95 (1.60), 25.12 (1.65), 0.005 * |
| 18 km/h | 0.54 (−0.13,0.90), 0.065 | 0.74, 0.055 | 1.31° (5.80%) | 22.61 (0.82), 21.93 (1.69), 0.186 | 0.65 (−0.09,0.94), 0.020 * | 0.78, 0.066 | 1.02° (4.14%) | 24.72 (1.17), 25.49 (1.06), 0.052 |
| POC Pelvis Angle | ||||||||
| 12 km/h | 0.96 (0.43,0.99), <0.001 * | 0.99, <0.001 * | 0.47° (17.11%) | 2.77 (1.74), 2.38 (1.77), 0.002 * | 0.42 (−0.05,0.81), <0.001 * | 0.88, <0.001 * | 1.24° (43.04%) | 2.89 (0.88), 4.06 (0.72), <0.001 * |
| 14 km/h | 0.95 (0.48,0.99), <0.001 * | 0.98, <0.001 * | 0.46° (17.55%) | 2.61 (1.43), 2.26 (1.52), 0.003 * | 0.68 (−0.04,0.93), <0.001 * | 0.96, <0.001 * | 1.04° (39.92%) | 2.61 (1.08), 3.60 (1.11), <0.001 * |
| 16 km/h | 0.82 (0.13,0.96), <0.001 * | 0.91, 0.011 * | 0.86° (22.84%) | 3.77 (1.30), 3.12 (1.46), 0.008 * | 0.84 (0.07,0.97), <0.001 * | 0.92, 0.001 * | 0.89° (25.99%) | 3.44 (1.46), 4.14 (1.54), 0.012 * |
| 18 km/h | 0.72 (0.11,0.94), 0.018 * | 0.82, 0.023 * | 0.73° (13.62%) | 5.33 (0.71), 4.97 (1.14), 0.216 | 0.88 (0.17,0.98), 0.001 * | 0.93, 0.006 | 0.43° (9.58%) | 4.51 (0.85), 4.18 (0.85), 0.048 * |
| Stride Time | ||||||||
| 12 km/h | 0.78 (0.32,0.94), 0.003 * | 0.76, 0.01 * | 0.0047 s (0.68%) | 0.70 (0.01), 0.07 (0.01), 0.758 | 0.94 (0.80,0.98), <0.001 * | 0.94, <0.001 * | 0.0039 s (0.56%) | 0.71 (0.01), 0.71 (0.01), 1.0 |
| 14 km/h | 0.88 (0.60,0.96), <0.001 * | 0.87, <0.001 * | 0.0040 s (0.59%) | 0.67 (0.01), 0.67 (0.01), 0.724 | 0.87 (0.59,0.96), <0.001 * | 0.88, <0.001 * | 0.0034 s (0.49%) | 0.69 (0.01), 0.69 (0.01), 0.676 |
| 16 km/h | 0.72 (0.19,0.92), 0.008 * | 0.76, 0.011 * | 0.0042 s (0.64%) | 0.65 (0.01), 0.65 (0.00), 0.726 | 0.99 (0.96,0.99), <0.001 * | 0.99, <0.001 * | 0.0018 s (0.26%) | 0.67 (0.01), 0.67 (0.01), 0.351 |
| 18 km/h | 0.89 (0.46, 0.98), 0.002 * | 0.90, 0.006 * | 0.0038 s (0.62%) | 0.61 (0.01), 0.61 (0.01), 1.00 | 0.21 (−0.88,0.85), 0.346 | 0.19, 0.725 | 0.0061 s (0.96%) | 0.64 (0.01), 0.64 (0.00), 0.771 |
^ No %MAS mean recorded as data reflects a time stamp; * p value < 0.05; ICC—Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; RMSE—Root Mean Square Error; —Mean; SD—Standard Deviation.