Figure 1.

Overview of the study cohort, 3-element model of the aorta, and study protocol. A, CONSORT diagram. B, Three-element model of the aorta depicting parameters of inflow, aortic function, and peripheral hemodynamics. C, The study protocol. ABI indicates ankle brachial index; aBP, aortic blood pressure; AIx, augmentation index; AP, augmentation pressure; aPP, aortic pulse pressure; BP, blood pressure; CFA, common femoral artery; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CO, cardiac output; CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HR, heart rate; LVDF, left ventricular diastolic function; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RC, reflection coefficient; SV, stroke volume; TMWD, treadmill walking distance; TPR, total peripheral resistance; and Zc, characteristic impedance of the proximal aorta.