Figure 3. Comparative analysis of top and bottom features across AD groups.

Box plots comparing the distribution of log-transformed ratios of differentially abundant microbial species in relation to diagnosis, amyloid status, and APOE ε4 status. (A-C) The log-transformed ratios of microbes for diagnosis groups (AD vs CU). (D-F) The log-transformed ratios of amyloid-related microbes (A+ vs A−). (G-I) The log-transformed ratios of APOE ε4-related microbes (APOE ε4+ vs APOE ε4−). Each column compares the CU and AD groups (A, D, and G), A+ and A− groups (B, E, and H), and APOE ε4+ and APOE ε4− groups (C, F, and I). Each panel includes a Kruskal-Wallis test statistic and associated P value, indicating the statistical significance of the differences observed.