Table 2. Description of assessments and methods for effectiveness measures for people living with dementia.

Assessment	Assessment domain	Description of method
Primary effectiveness outcome
Active Australia Survey	Physical activity (mins / week)	The Active Australia Survey is a brief eight question survey that assesses participation (frequency and duration) in various types of moderate and vigorous activities in the preceding week [35]. The survey is a short and reliable set of questions that can be administered through telephone or face-to-face interviews (for this study the survey will be administered face to face in the home visit assessments). If the preceding week was not a typical week for the person’s physical activity (e.g. they were unwell), then the questionnaire is completed for the most recent typical physical activity week in the month preceding the assessment.
Secondary effectiveness outcomes
Life Space Assessment-Cognitive Impairment questionnaire		A modified version of the Life-Space assessment tool for use with people with cognitive impairment. It assesses frequency of mobility in six life-space zones (within the 1. bedroom; 2. home; 3. Immediate surroundings of home; 4. local neighbourhood; 5. home town; and 6. unlimited), and assistance needed to travel within each zone. Has good reliability, validity and change with intervention in samples of people with cognitive impairment [36, 37].
Step Test	Dynamic standing balance test	Assesses speed (number of completed steps) of rapidly stepping one foot fully on to and then off a 7.5cm high step within a 15 second period. Each leg stepping is assessed separately. The lowest score between the right leg and the left leg is reported. High reliability and validity have been reported, including for people with dementia [38, 39].
2-minute walk test	Measure of cardiovascular fitness or endurance	Assesses distance able to be walked in 2 minutes at comfortable, usual pace. High retest and inter-rater reliability have been reported, including in people with cognitive impairment [40].
30-second sit-to-stand test	Functional measure of leg strength	Assesses the number of times a person can stand up and sit down from an armless chair (approx. 45cm seat height) in 30 seconds (secs), with their arms folded across their chest. Has good reliability and validity, [41] and has been shown to improve with exercise in people with cognitive impairment [23].
Timed-Up-and-Go-test	Functional mobility	Assesses the time taken for a person to stand up from a seated position on a standard (approx. 45cm seat) chair, walk three metres to a marker on the floor at their usual pace, turn, return to the chair and sit back down in the chair. Has been shown to have good reliability and validity, including with people with cognitive impairment [39, 42].
Mini Mental State Examination	Cognition screening tool	An 11-item questionnaire (maximum score 30) that assesses a number of cognition domains including orientation, recall, and ability to follow simple commands [32].
Lubben Social Network Scale-6	Social isolation	An abbreviated 6-item version of the Lubben Social Network Scale to screen for social isolation. The tool assesses three questions that assess kinship relationships, and three questions that assess non-kinship relationships. The three questions relate to number of contacts at least once a month; number of kinship/non-kinship people close enough to be comfortable seeking help from; and number of kinship/non-kinship people that the person feels sufficiently at ease to discuss private matters. Scores range from 0–30 [43].
Physical Enjoyment Scale PACES-8	Physical activity enjoyment	An abbreviated 8-item scale asking respondents to rate how they feel about aspects of the exercises / physical activity being undertaken, under the overarching theme of enjoyment. Each item is rated on a 1–7 scale, with scores ranging from 8–56 [44].
KATZ Activities of Daily Living Index	Activities of Daily Living	Assesses independence across six functional activities of daily living, with activities rated as independent, able to perform but requires assistance (partially dependent), or dependent. Total scores range from 0 (dependence on all six activities) to 6 (independent on all six activities) [45].
EQ-5D-5L 39 (for both person with dementia and their care-partner)	Health-related Quality of Life	Assesses quality of life across five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). Scores can be converted into a utility index [46, 47]. The tool also includes a EQ visual analogue scale. The EQ-5D-5L has been shown to capture health of people with cognitive impairment in terms of known group and convergent validity [48].