Table 6. Average costs table.

Planning							Average Costs per SMP
Average Soft Costs				Average Up-Front Costs
Homework		Training
Hours	Cost	Hours	Cost		Validation	Consultation	$5,272
33	$1,329	45	$1,749		$2,157	$2,250
Implementation
Average Soft Costs				Average Up-Front Costs
Owner\Manager		Staff
Hours	Cost	Hours	Cost	Equipment \Facilities	Audit \Inspection	Pest Control	$8,731
61	$2,358	43	$997	$11,500	$3,167	$1,867
Management
Average Soft Costs						Average Up-Front Costs
Owner\Manager		Staff		Culture
Hours	Cost	Hours	Cost	Hours	Costs	Training Certification Fees	$7,929
101	$3,560	98	$2,063	392	$6,007	$1,980

Note: The term “Average” cost refers to averages across respondent SMPs who reported respective costs in this study. We did not measure quantity produced. This term diverges from the economic definition of “Average Costs”.