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. 2024 Mar 25;34(10):6514–6526. doi: 10.1007/s00330-024-10705-8

Table 2.

Rates of events with confidence intervals according to smoking intensity

Diagnostic results Complications
Pack-year Diagnosis of malignancies Non-diagnostic pathologies False-negative results in non-diagnostic pathologiesa False-negative results in non-specific benign pathologiesa Pneumothorax Pneumothorax requiring drainage catheter Hemoptysis
Total Rates 65.4% 27.5% 20.5% 13.0% 21.8% 2.1% 10.6%
95% CI 64.0–66.8% 26.2–28.8% 18.2–22.9% 11.0–15.3% 20.6–23.0% 1.7–2.5% 9.7–11.5%
0–20 Rates 63.0% 28.6% 16.4% 9.7% 19.4% 1.4% 13.2%
95% CI 61.2–64.7% 27.0–30.3% 13.9–19.2% 7.5–12.1% 18.0–20.9% 1.0–1.9% 12.1–14.5%
21–40 Rates 68.1% 25.3% 25.5% 18.8% 25.5% 2.3% 6.4%
95% CI 65.0–71.1% 22.5–28.2% 19.8–31.9% 13.3–25.5% 22.7–28.5% 1.4–3.5% 4.9–8.2%
> 40 Rates 72.4% 25.2% 33.3% 23.0% 27.2% 4.8% 4.8%
95% CI 69.0–75.7% 22.1–28.6% 26.1–41.2% 16.0–31.4% 23.9–30.6% 3.3–6.6% 3.3–6.6%
Pairwise comparisonb 0–20 vs. 21–40 0.005 0.05 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.06 < 0.001
0–20 vs. > 40 < 0.001 0.07 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
21–40 vs. > 40 0.06 0.97 0.10 0.38 0.45 0.005 0.16

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval

a From non-diagnostic pathologies or non-specific benign pathologies with decidable reference standards

b If p value is less than 0.05/3 (= 0.0167), it was thought to be statistically significant