Table 2.

Offspring characteristics at birth, 3, and 5 years of age.

	Birth (n = 208)		3 years (n = 156)		5 years (n = 141)
	N		N		N
Gender, girls (%)		94 (45)		62 (40)		55 (39)
Age, days	208	0	156	1100 ± 13.3	141	1830 ± 14.0
Gestational age, days	208	282.5 (276.0;288.0)
Weight-for-length z-score	204	− 0.68 ± 1.24
Length/Height, cm	207	52.0 (51.00;53.00)	156	96.4 ± 3.57	140	113 ± 3.99
Body weight, kg	207	3.60 (3.32;3.90)	156	15.3 ± 1.57	141	19.9 ± 2.61
Length/height z-score	207	1.12 (0.59;2.07)	156	0.18 ± 0.94	141	0.62 ± 0.85
Weight z-score	207	0.59 (0.03;1.21)	156	0.54 ± 0.81	140	0.50 ± 0.89
BMI z-score	207	− 0.11 (-0.76;0.47)	156	0.61 ± 0.95	140	0.17 ± 0.98
Glucose, mmol/L	127	5.48 ± 0.37	119	5.04 ± 0.57	94	5.08 ± 0.50
Insulin, pmol/L	123	30.90 (19.05;64.05)	114	47.00 (19.32;90.50)	83	16.2 (12.30;22.75)
C-peptide, pmol/L	126	318.0 (212.5;454.5)	116	408 (229.2;605.0)	85	216 ± 81.9
IGF-1, ng/mL	125	55.85 ± 22.33	38	74.76 ± 29.18	85	94.1 ± 28.6
IGFBP-3, ug/mL	126	1.70 ± 0.39	38	3.24 ± 0.68	85	3.85 ± 0.68
CRP, mg/mL	128	0.14 (0.13;0.16)	114	0.28 (0.14;0.72)	86	0.22 (0.12;0.62)
Cholesterol, mmol/L	128	1.65 ± 0.41	116	3.76 ± 0.62	86	3.59 ± 0.56
TG, mmol/L	128	0.51 (0.39;0.62)	116	0.78 (0.56;1.03)	86	0.52 (0.42;0.66)
HDL, mmol/L	128	0.65 ± 0.17	116	1.23 ± 0.25	86	1.38 ± 0.24
LDL, mmol/L	128	0.66 ± 0.23	116	2.16 ± 0.55	86	2.17 ± 0.52

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables, and as median (Q1;Q3) for skewed variables, or as absolute numbers and percentages (%) for categorical variables.

CRP C-reactive protein, HDL High density lipoprotein, IGF-1 Insulin-like Growth factor-1, IGFBP-3 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, LDL Low density lipoprotein, TG Triglycerides.