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. 2024 Sep 13;14:21414. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71891-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Complex intercellular interaction network in degenerative endplate cells. (A) Interaction network constructed by CellPhoneDB analysis. Thicker lines indicate more interaction with other types of cells. (B) Heatmap showing the number of potential ligand-receptor pairs among the predicted cell types. (C) The detected ligand-receptor pairs of MAs and all chondrocyte subsets by CellPhoneDB. (D) The detected ligand-receptor pairs of T/NK cells and all chondrocyte subsets by CellPhoneDB. CB, chondroblasts; RegC, regulatory chondrocytes; HomC, homeostatic chondrocytes; pre-HTC, prehypertrophic chondrocytes; FC, fibrocartilage chondrocytes; ProC, proliferative chondrocytes; HTC, hypertrophic chondrocytes; MA, macrophages; T/NK, T cells/natural killer cells.