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. 2024 Aug 19;10(17):e36542. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36542

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Testing proportional hazards (PH) assumption for the variable “Patient Informed”.

The figure above shows a plot of scaled Schoenfeld residuals against time for the covariate “Patient informed”. Schoenfeld residuals can be thought of as the observed minus the expected values of the covariates at each failure time. As a rule of thumb, a non-zero slope is an indication of a violation of the proportional hazard assumption.