Table 3.
Amino acid profile ( % DM) of different animal by-products used as FM replacement summarized from references.
| Amino acid | FM | PBM | FEM | MBM | PMM | BM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arginine | 3.75 | 8.24 | 5.92 | 3.44 | 4.55 | 4.2 |
| Histidine | 1.68 | 1.10 | 0.68 | 1.12 | 1.47 | 7.63 |
| Isoleucine | 3.13 | 2.92 | 4.17 | 1.76 | 2.03 | 0.40 |
| Leucine | 5.17 | 4.48 | 7.26 | 3.33 | 4.3 | 14.64 |
| Lysine | 4.95 | 3.9 | 1.85 | 3.33 | 3.76 | 8.75 |
| Methionine | 1.97 | 1.30 | 0.66 | 0.86 | 1.24 | 0.75 |
| Phenylalanine | 2.99 | 2.21 | 4.38 | 1.89 | 2.35 | 6.8 |
| Threonine | 2.80 | 2.85 | 4.01 | 1.77 | 2.3 | 3.14 |
| Tryptophan | - | 0.46 | - | 0.44 | - | - |
| Valine | 3.6 | 3.27 | 6.63 | 2.47 | 2.95 | 8.45 |
| Alanine | 4.14 | 3.78 | 3.91 | 3.93 | 5.22 | 8.43 |
| Aspartic acid | 6.22 | 5.30 | 5.64 | 3.99 | 5.12 | 13.84 |
| Glutamic acid | 8.36 | 5.52 | 8.86 | 6.39 | 8.78 | 8.34 |
| Glycine | 3.72 | 1.76 | 6.7 | 6.36 | 8.28 | 4.98 |
| Proline | 3.18 | 4.76 | 8.81 | 3.72 | 5.41 | 4.05 |
| Serine | 2.49 | 4.23 | 9.17 | 1.74 | 2.7 | 4.55 |
| Tyrosine | 2.20 | 1.54 | 2.42 | 1.39 | 1.76 | 2.42 |
| Cystine | 0.65 | 0.65 | 4.82 | 0.45 | - | - |
| Reference | Poolsawat et al., 2021 | González-Rodriguez et al., 2016b | Poolsawat et al., 2021 | Kerr et al., 2019 | Huang et al., 2022 | Takakuwa et al., 2022 |
Abbreviations: BM: blood meal; FEM: feather meal; FM: fish meal; MBM: meat bone meal; PBM: Poultry by-product meal; PMM: porcine meat meal