Table 1.

Reference datasets used to compute Z-scores in the present study.

Reference dataset	Country-specific	From same region	From different region	International
Indian data
0–59 months	Synthetic Indian Growth references18	The 2022 Pakistani references from birth to 60 months for length/height, weight and body mass index19	Indonesian National Synthetic Growth Charts20	WHO 2006 growth standards21
9–15 year old girls	Revised Indian Academy of Pediatrics growth charts 201522	A comparison of international and national references to measure the prevalence of stunting in Pakistani school-age girls.14	Indonesian National Synthetic Growth Charts20	WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents.23
Indonesian data
6–18 years	Indonesian National Synthetic Growth Charts20	The 2021 Thai reference from 6 to 19 years for weight and height17	Revised Indian Academy of Paediatrics growth charts 201522	WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents.22,23