Table 1. Clinical and demographic features of eligible patients.
| Variables | Total (n=1,209) | Training (n=847) | Validation (n=362) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.22 | |||
| <65 | 587 (48.6) | 421 (49.7) | 166 (45.9) | |
| ≥65 | 622 (51.4) | 426 (50.3) | 196 (54.1) | |
| Sex | 0.27 | |||
| Male | 889 (73.5) | 615 (72.6) | 274 (75.7) | |
| Female | 320 (26.5) | 232 (27.4) | 88 (24.3) | |
| Race | 0.12 | |||
| White | 722 (59.7) | 493 (58.2) | 229 (63.3) | |
| Black | 130 (10.8) | 100 (11.8) | 30 (8.3) | |
| Others | 357 (29.5) | 254 (30.0) | 103 (28.5) | |
| Marital status | 0.74 | |||
| Married | 208 (17.2) | 141 (16.6) | 67 (18.5) | |
| Single | 733 (60.6) | 517 (61.0) | 216 (59.7) | |
| Others | 268 (22.2) | 189 (22.3) | 79 (21.8) | |
| Grade | 0.37 | |||
| I | 200 (16.5) | 141 (16.6) | 59 (16.3) | |
| II | 657 (54.3) | 470 (55.5) | 187 (51.7) | |
| III | 317 (26.2) | 215 (25.4) | 102 (28.2) | |
| IV | 35 (2.9) | 21 (2.5) | 14 (3.9) | |
| AJCC stage | 0.70 | |||
| I | 534 (44.2) | 371 (43.8) | 163 (45.0) | |
| II | 223 (18.4) | 155 (18.3) | 68 (18.8) | |
| III | 382 (31.6) | 275 (32.5) | 107 (29.6) | |
| IV | 70 (5.8) | 46 (5.4) | 24 (6.6) | |
| AJCC T stage | 0.76 | |||
| T1 | 549 (45.4) | 379 (44.7) | 170 (47.0) | |
| T2 | 236 (19.5) | 165 (19.5) | 71 (19.6) | |
| T3 | 352 (29.1) | 249 (29.4) | 103 (28.5) | |
| T4 | 72 (6.0) | 54 (6.4) | 18 (5.0) | |
| AJCC N stage | 0.49 | |||
| N0 | 1,172 (96.9) | 823 (97.2) | 349 (96.4) | |
| N1 | 37 (3.1) | 24 (2.8) | 13 (3.6) | |
| AJCC M stage | 0.24 | |||
| M0 | 1,170 (96.8) | 823 (97.2) | 347 (95.9) | |
| M1 | 39 (3.2) | 24 (2.8) | 15 (4.1) | |
| Surgery to LN | 0.31 | |||
| No | 967 (80.0) | 671 (79.2) | 296 (81.8) | |
| Yes | 242 (20.0) | 176 (20.8) | 66 (18.2) | |
| Chemotherapy | 0.84 | |||
| No | 981 (81.1) | 686 (81.0) | 295 (81.5) | |
| Yes | 228 (18.9) | 161 (19.0) | 67 (18.5) | |
| AFP | 0.18 | |||
| Negative | 383 (31.7) | 270 (31.9) | 113 (31.2) | |
| Positive | 571 (47.2) | 410 (48.4) | 161 (44.5) | |
| Unknown | 255 (21.1) | 167 (19.7) | 88 (24.3) | |
| Fibrosis | 0.59 | |||
| Ishak 0–4 | 294 (24.3) | 213 (25.1) | 81 (22.4) | |
| Ishak 5–6 | 141 (11.7) | 98 (11.6) | 43 (11.9) | |
| Unknown | 774 (64.0) | 536 (63.3) | 238 (65.7) | |
| Vascular invasion | 0.62 | |||
| No | 1,129 (93.4) | 789 (93.2) | 340 (93.9) | |
| Yes | 80 (6.6) | 58 (6.8) | 22 (6.1) |
Data are expressed as n (%). AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; LN, lymph node; AFP, α-fetoprotein.