Table 3. Comparison of CT measurement parameters and the radiological features.
| Characteristic | Overall (N=225) | Treatment decision | P value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| En-DCR without septoplasty (N=172) |
En-DCR with septoplasty (N=53) |
|||
| Surgery eye, n (%) | 0.043* | |||
| Right eye | 117 (52.0) | 83 (48.3) | 34 (64.2) | |
| Left eye | 108 (48.0) | 89 (51.7) | 19 (35.9) | |
| Vertical size of lacrimal sac (mm), n (%) | 0.034* | |||
| ≥5 | 180 (80.0) | 143 (83.1) | 37 (69.8) | |
| <5 | 45 (20.0) | 29 (16.9) | 16 (30.2) | |
| NSD type, n (%) | 0.129 | |||
| C-shaped deviation | 91 (40.4) | 64 (37.2) | 27 (50.9) | |
| Localized deviation | 103 (45.8) | 85 (49.4) | 18 (34.0) | |
| S-shaped deviation | 31 (13.8) | 23 (13.4) | 8 (15.1) | |
| NSD angle (degree), mean ± SD | 10.6±4.1 | 9.5±3.5 | 14.2±3.8 | <0.001* |
| NSD height (mm), mean ± SD | 17.3±4.7 | 17.2±5.0 | 17.6±3.7 | 0.532 |
| Minimal CANCA at surgical region (mm2), mean ± SD | 154±26 | 158±25 | 141±24 | <0.001* |
| MNPW at surgical side (mm), mean ± SD | 9.1±2.1 | 9.7±1.9 | 7.4±1.8 | <0.001* |
| NSD location, n (%) | 0.016* | |||
| Nonsurgical approach area | 109 (48.4) | 91 (53.0) | 18 (34.0) | |
| Surgical approach area | 116 (51.6) | 81 (47.1) | 35 (66.0) | |
| NSD direction, n (%) | 0.014* | |||
| Opposite side | 114 (50.7) | 95 (55.2) | 19 (35.9) | |
| Surgical side | 111 (49.3) | 77 (44.8) | 34 (64.2) | |
| Variations in nasal anatomy, n (%) | 0.090 | |||
| Absent | 153 (68.0) | 122 (70.9) | 31 (58.5) | |
| Present | 72 (32.0) | 50 (29.1) | 22 (41.5) | |
†, Pearson chi-squared test; Welch two-sample t-test. *, significant P value 0.05. CT, computed tomography; En-DCR, endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy; NSD, nasal septal deviation; CANCA, cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity airway at surgical region; MNPW, middle nasal passage width.